The effect of Xue Guan Tong (XGT) granule in preventing restenosis of atherosclerotic iliac artery after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in rabbits was studied. Forty-two purebred New Zealand rabbits with their endothelium of iliac arteries denuded and fed with high cholesterol diet for six weeks to form the model of atherosclerotic stenosis. After PTA

the high cholesterol diet was stopped immediately and they were divided into 3 groups randomly

the XGT group

the lovastatin group and the control group. Arterial angiograph and pathological observation were carried out 4 weeks after PTA. The results showed that (1) The luminal diameter of artery was 1.82±0.46mm in the XGT group

0.96±0.71mm in the lovastatin group and 0.71±0.53mm in the control group. The former one was larger than the latter two significantly (P<0.01). (2) Thickness of intima of artery was 0.27±0.40mm in the XGT group

it was thinner than those in the other two groups (0.43±0.04mm in the lovastatin group and 0.48±0.10mm in the control group). (3) In XGT group

the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contained fewer organelles

more muscular fibers and were well differentiated than in the other two groups. The conclusion was XGT has the preventive effect on post-PTA arterial restenosis in rabbits.