Objecive: To observe the clinical effect of Shengxue Mixture (SXM) in treating aplastic anemia and study the possible mechanism.Methods: Eighty-four patients in the treated group with Spleen-Kidney Yang deficiency syndrome and Spleen-Kidney Yin deficiency syndrome were treated with SXM-I and SXM-II respectively

and 30 patients in the control group were treated with Stanozolol. The clinical effect and several experimental parameters were also observed.Results: The basic cure was gained in 18 cases

remission in 23

markedly improved in 32

ineffective 11

total effective rate and cure remission rate of the treated group were 86.90% and 48.81% respectively

which were obviously better than those of the control group (P < 0.05) with no obvious side-effect. While the patient’s symptoms were alleviated

the peripheral blood cells increased

the ratio of T lymphocyte subsets tended to balance

the level of natural killer cell activity increased

interleukin-2 reduced

and reproduction of the bone marrow were markedly improved in most of the patients treated by SXM.Conclusions: SXM is an effective and safe drug for aplastic anemia. Its mechanism might be likely due to its regulating the immune function

which facilitates the recovery of the bone marrow hematopoiesis function.