FOLLOWUS
Volume transmission and its different forms in the central nervous system
- Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine Vol. 19, Issue 5, Pages: 323-329(2013)
- Affiliations：
1. Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,Sweden
2. Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing,China
3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena,Modena,Italy
- Author bio：
- Funds：Supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (04X-715), Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg Foundation, Hjärnfonden and Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation to KF, by a grants from the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences and Karolinska Institutet Forskningsstiftelser 2012 to DOB-E
DOI：10.1007/s11655-013-1455-1
CLC：Published：2013，
Published Online：15 May 2013，
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Fuxe, K., Borroto-Escuela, D.O., Romero-Fernandez, W. et al. Volume transmission and its different forms in the central nervous system., Chin. J. Integr. Med. 19, 323–329 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-013-1455-1
Kjell Fuxe, Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela, Wilber Romero-Fernandez, et al. Volume transmission and its different forms in the central nervous system. [J]. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 19(5):323-329(2013)
Fuxe, K., Borroto-Escuela, D.O., Romero-Fernandez, W. et al. Volume transmission and its different forms in the central nervous system., Chin. J. Integr. Med. 19, 323–329 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-013-1455-1 DOI：
Kjell Fuxe, Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela, Wilber Romero-Fernandez, et al. Volume transmission and its different forms in the central nervous system. [J]. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 19(5):323-329(2013) DOI： 10.1007/s11655-013-1455-1.
摘要
Volume transmission (VT) is a widespread mode of intercellular communication that occurs in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the brain with VT signals moving from source to target cells via energy gradients leading to diffusion and convection (flow). The VT channels are diffuse forming a plexus in the extracellular space
while in wiring transmission (WT) the channels (axons
terminals) are private. The speed is slow (seconds-minutes) in VT while rapid in the millisecond range in WT. The extracellular space is the substrate for VT
which is modulated by the extracellular matrix. Extrasynaptic VT is linked to synaptic transmission and likely often takes place due to incomplete diffusion barriers with the synaptic transmitter reaching extrasynaptic domains of the pre-and post-synaptic membrane of the synapse
the astroglia
and even adjacent synapses. Indications exist for the existence of striatal D2-like receptor-mediated extrasynaptic form of dopamine (DA) VT at the local circuit level in vivo in the human striatum. Synaptic glutamate via extrasynaptic VT can act on extrasynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors located on the astroglia leading to Ca2+ mediated astrocytic glutamate release into the extracellular space (ECS). Long distance peptide VT and CSF VT is the major long distance VT with distances more than 1 mm and flow in the CSF. Indications for long distance VT of beta-endorphin and oxytocin are obtained. We propose that monogamy in the female prairie vole may take place through an increase in oxytocin VT
especially in nucleus accumbens. Release of extracellular vesicles containing receptors
proteins
RNAs and mtDNA from cellular networks in the central nervous system (CNS) into the ECF and CSF may be a fundamental communication in the CNS. It represents a special form of volume transmission
the Roamer subtype of VT. It may greatly contribute to dynamic events of synaptic plasticity but also to spread of pathological proteins in protein conformational disorders. VT also occurs in the peripheral nervous system and associated cells. Short and long distance VT may take place in meridian channels via diffusion and flow in the interstitial fluid. Acupuncture can produce VT signals by releasing transmitters and modulators from nerve terminals and mast cells.
Abstract
Volume transmission (VT) is a widespread mode of intercellular communication that occurs in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the brain with VT signals moving from source to target cells via energy gradients leading to diffusion and convection (flow). The VT channels are diffuse forming a plexus in the extracellular space
while in wiring transmission (WT) the channels (axons
terminals) are private. The speed is slow (seconds-minutes) in VT while rapid in the millisecond range in WT. The extracellular space is the substrate for VT
which is modulated by the extracellular matrix. Extrasynaptic VT is linked to synaptic transmission and likely often takes place due to incomplete diffusion barriers with the synaptic transmitter reaching extrasynaptic domains of the pre-and post-synaptic membrane of the synapse
the astroglia
and even adjacent synapses. Indications exist for the existence of striatal D2-like receptor-mediated extrasynaptic form of dopamine (DA) VT at the local circuit level in vivo in the human striatum. Synaptic glutamate via extrasynaptic VT can act on extrasynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors located on the astroglia leading to Ca2+ mediated astrocytic glutamate release into the extracellular space (ECS). Long distance peptide VT and CSF VT is the major long distance VT with distances more than 1 mm and flow in the CSF. Indications for long distance VT of beta-endorphin and oxytocin are obtained. We propose that monogamy in the female prairie vole may take place through an increase in oxytocin VT
especially in nucleus accumbens. Release of extracellular vesicles containing receptors
proteins
RNAs and mtDNA from cellular networks in the central nervous system (CNS) into the ECF and CSF may be a fundamental communication in the CNS. It represents a special form of volume transmission
the Roamer subtype of VT. It may greatly contribute to dynamic events of synaptic plasticity but also to spread of pathological proteins in protein conformational disorders. VT also occurs in the peripheral nervous system and associated cells. Short and long distance VT may take place in meridian channels via diffusion and flow in the interstitial fluid. Acupuncture can produce VT signals by releasing transmitters and modulators from nerve terminals and mast cells.
关键词
extrasynaptic volume transmissionlong distance volume transmissionRoamer type of volume transmissionChinese Medicinemeridian
Keywords
extrasynaptic volume transmissionlong distance volume transmissionRoamer type of volume transmissionChinese Medicinemeridian
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