Neuroinflammatory responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases

particularly those affecting the central nervous system. Inhibition of neuroinflammation is a crucial therapeutic strategy for the management of central nervous system disorders. The intestinal microbial-gut-brain axis serves as a key regulatory pathway that modulates neuroinflammatory processes. Intestinal flora metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids

indoles and their derivatives

lipopolysaccharides

trimethylamine oxide

and secondary bile acids exert direct or indirect effects on neuroinflammation. Studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) modulates the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites

while also suppressing neuroinflammation by targeting the TLR4/NF-κB

NLRP3/caspase-1

and microglial cell M2-type transformation pathways. This review discusses the mechanisms by which EA regulates neuroinflammation via intestinal microbiota and its metabolites

providing information and a foundation for further investigation of the precise therapeutic mechanisms of EA in neurological disorders.