Latest Issue
2010 Year 16 Vol. 3 Issue
EditorialNotes
- Abstract：In the West, hundreds of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been performed testing acupuncture. They include two types: those that compare acupuncture to other therapies, usual care or no treatment (pragmatic trials), and those that have placebo controls (efficacy trials). Acupuncture has generally performed well against other therapies or no treatment, but until recently, the evidence from placebo controlled trials has been considered equivocal or contradictory. A recent series of large RCTs, mostly performed in Germany and also in the US have included both pragmatic and placebo comparisons. The evidence poises a conundrum for the profession of acupuncture. This essay first describes the two types of RCTs used to examine acupuncture and examine the results of two recent large RCTs for chronic low back pain as representative examples of recent large studies. The essay then presents the most common Euro-American acupuncture professions’ interpretation of these results. Western responses have included: (1) methodological weaknesses; (2) inappropriateness of placebo controls; (3) questions as to whether acupuncture placebo controls are “inert”; (4) rejection of evidence-based medicine epistemology; (5) discrepancy between acupuncture performed in RCTs with real world acupuncture; (6) enhanced placebo effects of acupuncture; and (7) needs to re-evaluate acupuncture theory. The authors do not necessarily agree with all of these responses; they are presented in an attempt to foster critical discussion. The paper also looks at recent neuroimaging experiments on acupuncture that may point to some worthwhile new avenues of investigation. Finally, the Euro-American health care policy consequences of these recent RCTs are discussed.Keywords：acupuncture;sham acupuncture;low back pain;randomized controlled trials;acupuncture neuroimaging
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Published：2021-08-27 - Keywords：Glomerular Filtration Rate;Acute Kidney Injury;Acute Kidney Injury Network;Rifle Criterion;Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
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Published：2021-08-27 - Keywords：Acute Kidney Injury;Acute Interstitial Nephritis;Radix Astragalus;Clearing Heat;Chinese medicine syndrome
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Published：2021-08-27 - Keywords：Acute Kidney Injury;Acute Kidney Injury Network;Fenoldopam;Angelica Sinensis;Poria Coco
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To observe the effect of Chinese medical regimen and integrative medical regimen on quality of life and early renal impairment in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension (EISH). A multi-center, randomized, double-blinded controlled trail was adopted. A total of 270 cases of EISH were randomly divided into 3 groups: Chinese medicine group (CM), combination group and Western medicine group (WM). The course of treatment was 4 weeks. The clinical blood pressure, integral of quality of life (SF-36 scale), immunoglubin G (IgG), microalbumin (mALB), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), transferrin (TRF) and N-acetyl-β′-D-glucosa-minidase (NAG) in urine were determined before and after the treatment. After treatment, systolic blood pressure depressed significantly in each group (P<0.05), and the combination group was superior to CM or WM group in depressing SBP (P<0.05); in each group, integral of quality of life improved in different degree, and combination group was superior to WM group in all 8 dimensions (P<0.05). The level of mALB and β2-MG in urine decreased in all groups (P<0.05), and the combination group was superior to CM group or WM group in decreasing mALB (P<0.05). Chinese medical regimen has affirmative effect in treating EISH patients, and could lower the systolic blood pressure, improve quality of life and early renal impairment of the patients, and integrative medical regimen has superiority on account of cooperation, and deserves further study.Keywords：hypertension;elderly;Chinese Medicine;Integrative Medicine;quality of life;early renal impairment
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To study the clinical effect of Chinese drugs administered by both oral intake and retention enema on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Adopting a randomized controlled design, 78 patients were assigned to three groups: 26 patients in group A treated with Chinese drugs given by both oral intake and retention enema, 27 in group B with Chinese drugs given by retention enema only, and 25 in group C with given Western medicine. The changes before and after a 30-day treatment of the patients’ symptoms (including diarrhea, abdominal pain, mucous or pus-bloody stool), colonoscopic examination scores and histopathology of the colonic membrane were observed. Group A showed the best outcomes in all the aspects of clinical comprehensive effectiveness. Improvements in the main symptoms, colonoscopic scores and histopathology of the colonic membrane were significantly different from those in groups B and C, respectively (P<0.05). Meanwhile comparisons between groups B and C showed insignificant differences (P>0.05); group B was better in ameliorating tenesmus (P<0.05). Through the use of Chinese drugs administered by both oral intake and retention enema to treat IBD, which combined external-internal therapies for both overall regulation and local managment, it was confirmed that the Chinese medicine could embody the therapeutic principle of attending to both disease-diagnosis and syndrome-differentiation.Keywords：Inflammatory Bowel Disease;outer-inner combined therapy;Retention Enema;Clinical Study
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture preconditioning on the serum level of S100 calcium-binding protein beta (S100β) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in patients undergoing craniocerebral tumor operation. A total of 32 patients, who would go through craniocerebral tumor resection under general anesthesia, were randomly assigned to two groups, 16 in each group. Patients in the electroacupuncture (EA) group received electroacupuncture on Fengfu acupoint (Du16) and Fengchi acupoint (GB20) for 30 min, 2 h before operation. The stimulus is 1–4 mA with a density wave frequency of 2/15 Hz. Patients in the control group received no pretreatment. Anesthesia was maintained with remifentanil at the dose of 4–8 mg/kg per hour, pumped intravenous drip of vecuronium at 1.0–2.0 μg/kg each hour, and discontinuous intravenous dripped with vecuronium bromide at 0.5–1 mg. The serum levels of S100β and NSE were measured with ELISA before operation, before skin incision, after tumor removal, at the end of operation, and at 24 h after operation. The serum level of S100β and NSE did not change before skin incision. The serum level of NSE increased significantly and the level of S100β increased insignificantly after the tumor resection. The serum levels of S100β and NSE in the EA group and the control group were 1.16±0.28 μg/L vs 1.47± 0.33 μg/L, 24.7±13.3 μg/L vs 31.4±14.1 μg/L at the end of the operation, respectively. Twenty-four h after operation, the correspondence indices were 1.18±0.31 μg/L vs 1.55±0.26 μg/L, and 25.5±12.4 μg/L vs 32.4± 11.7 μg/L. The two indices at these two time points were significantly increased than those before operation, respectively (P<0.05). At the end of the operation and 24 h post-operation, the serum levels of S100β and NSE in the EA group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Electroacupuncture Fengchi and Fengfu for 30 min before craniocerbral tumor operation could decrease the serum level of S100β and NSE, thus may have potential protective effect on brain damage, which needs to befurther studied.Keywords：electroacupuncture;preconditioning;S100 calcium-binding protein beta;neuron-specific enolase;craniotomy
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on four specific acupuncture points Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Danshu (BL19) and Weishu (BL21) for reducing pain in labor. A total of 160 voluntary nulliparous women who were willing to receive TENS for analgesia were assigned to the treatment group after cervical dilation of more than 2 cm. Another 145 matched nullipara were recruited as the control group. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the pain before and 0.5 h after the application of TENS. Then, VAS was assessed every one hour until delivery. Percentage of VAS score decreased by > 25% was the primary outcome, the delivery mode and neonatal outcome were measured as secondary outcomes. Adverse reactions were also recorded during TENS. The percentage of VAS score decreased by > 25% was 68.6% in the TENS treatment group. Maternal delivery mode and neonatal outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups. In addition, the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in the TENS treatment group was less than the control group (P<0.05). There was no adverse reaction recorded with TENS on acupoints. As a novel and non-invasive approach, TENS on specific acupoints including Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Danshu (BL19) and Weishu (BL21) was an effective method for analgesia in labor.Keywords：labor;pain;Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation;acupoint
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To explore the effects and significance of Huanshuai Recipe Oral Liquid (缓衰口服液, HSR), a formula with supplementing qi, nourishing blood and activating blood on restructuring glomerular microvasculature and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in subtotal nephrectomized (SNX) rats. A total of 76 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 16 in the sham-operated group and fed with tap water 10 mL/kg per day; 20 in the model group were operated with 5/6 SNX and fed with tap water 10 mL/ kg per day; 20 SNX rats in the HSR group were treated with HSR 10 mL/kg per day; 20 SNX rats in the losartan group were treated with losartan 40 mg/kg per day. Serum creatinine (SCr) and urinary protein excretion (Upro) were examined at the 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks of the treatment, and the remnant kidneys were harvested. Changes in histological microstructure were evaluated using light microscopy, and the expression of VEGF was detected by using ELISA. Upro, microvasculature injury and glomerulosclerosis were found to be alleviated in HSR and Losartan groups, respectively. The change of VEGF expression showed positive correlation with glomerular capillary area and peritubular capillary number (r=0.448, r=0.422, P<0.01), but negative correlation with that of SCr and Upro (r=−0.592, r=−0.481, P<0.01). HSR could regulate the VEGF expression, reduce the loss of microvasculature, which demonstrated similar renal protective effects to losartan in SNX rats. Examination of Chinese herbal medicine influence on VEGF signaling and restructuring renal microvasculature may elucidate the molecular mechanism of renal protection to a certain degree.Keywords：Huanshuai Recipe Oral Liquid;restructuring glomerular microvasculature;vascular endothelial growth factor
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To observe the pharmaceutical effect of Chinese drugs for activating blood circulation (Xiongshao Capsule, XSC, 芎芍胶囊) and for activating blood circulation and detoxification (Xiongshao Capsule and Huanglian Capsule, XSHLC, 黄连胶囊) in terms of the indices of thrombosis, inflammatory reaction and tissue damage related factors in experimental carotid artery thrombosis rats. Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, the model group, the Simvastatin group (SG), the activating blood circulation (ABC) group, and the activating blood circulation and detoxifying (ABCD) group, with 10 rats in each group. Simvastatin (1.8 mg/kg), XSC (0.135 g/kg) and XSHLC (0.135 g/kg) were administered to Simvastatin, ABC and ABCD group by gastrogavage, and an equal volume of normal saline was given to the sham operation group and the model group. After 2 weeks of successive medication, the rats in the model and all drug therapy groups were made into experimental carotid artery thrombosis model. The serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9), tissue inhibitors to metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected with enzyme-linked immunoassay 24 h later. Compared with the model group, the levels of serum GMP-140, hs-CRP, IL-6 and MMP-9 were significantly decreased, and the level of t-PA was significantly increased in the ABC and ABCD group ( P<0.05), while the level of serum hs-CRP in ABCD group decreased significantly compared with that in the ABC group (P<0.05). Chinese drugs both for activating blood circulation and for activating blood circulation and detoxifying have good effects on regulating indices of thrombosis, inflammatory reaction and tissue damage in experimental carotid artery thrombosis rats. The effect of activating blood circulation and detoxifying drugs on regulating the level of serum hs-CRP is superior to that of activating blood circulation drug alone.Keywords：activating blood circulation;activating blood circulation and detoxifying;thrombosis;tissue damage;inflammatory reaction
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To evaluate the improvement of Kangshuai Yizhi Formula I (抗衰益智方 I, KYF I) on: the learning and memory dysfunction in mice, and on the mechanism of the hippocampal cholinergic system and the nervous system of monoamine which are closely related to learning and memory function. Mice: in the low-, middle-, and high-dose KYF I groups were given low-, middle-, and high-dose KYF, respectively, by gastrogavage for 35 successive days. Animals in the control group and the model group were treated with distilled water. The acute learning and memory dysfunction model was established by injection of scopolamine from day 31, and Morris water maze was used to assess the behavior performance of scopolamine-induced model mice for five days. The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), choline acetyl transferase (ChaT) and the content of monoamine neurotransmitters in hippocampus were measured. The activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in hippocampus and serum was also detected. (1) Compared with the control group, the: mean escape latency was shortened, and the frequency across the platform and the staying time at the platform area on the 5th day were decreased in the model group by Morris water maze test. The activities of AChE and MAO were increased, and the ChaT activity and monoamine neurotransmitter content were decreased as well. (2) The escape latency for 4 days in the low-, middle-, and high-dose KYF I groups was significantly shortened than that in the model group, with the shortest latency in the high-dose KYF I group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The frequency across the platform was significantly increased and the staying time at the platform was significantly prolonged in the middle- and high-dose KYF I groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). (3) As compared with the model group, the activity of ChaT and the content of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus were significantly increased, and the activities of AchE and MAO were significantly decreased in the hippocampus in the high-dose KYF I group (P<0.01). High-dose KYF I can significantly improve the learning and memory dysfunction: induced by scopolamine in mice. Its mechanism may be related to improving the central cholinergic system and regulating the hippocampal monoamine neurotransmitters.Keywords：dysmnesic;cholinergic;monoamine neurotransmitters;monoamine oxidase
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To study the effects of Erlong Zuoci Pill (耳聋左慈丸, ELZCP) and its disassembled: prescriptions on gentamicin (GM)-induced ototoxicity model in vitro. After the spiral organ of cochleae: of newborn mice (postnatal days: 2–3) cultured for 24 h, GM alone or combined with water extracting-alcohol precipitating solution of ELZCP or with its disassembled prescriptions was added. Hair cells were observed under a fluorescence microscope after TRITC-phalloidin staining, and the cochlear hair cell loss rate was calculated by counting the whole cochlear hair cells and analyzed by whole cochlear hair cells analyzing software. GM induced cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs) injuries in a dose-dependent manner, and they were significantly different as compared with those in the normal control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). ELZCP at the concentration of 0.003–3 mg/mL could decrease the hair cells loss induced by the 0.3 mmol/L GM (P<0.05, P<0.01), the effects was in a dose-dependent manner, and the concentration of 0.3 mg/mL showed the optimal protective effect. For the ELZCP disassembled prescriptions, Liuwei-Dihuang could decrease OHC loss rate than that in the 0.3 mmol/L GM model group (P<0.05), but the OHC loss rate was still higher than that in the ELZCP group (P<0.01), which indicated that the protective effect of hair cells by Liuwei-Dihuang was not better than that of ELZCP. Poria decreased OHC loss rate from 72.1 % ±3.7 % to 58.8 %± 8.2 % (P<0.05). ELZCP could play a role in antagonizing the injury of cochlear hair cells induced by GM ototoxicity,: and its disassembled prescriptions, Liuwei-Dihuang was the main component to protect the cochlear hair cells from GM-induced ototoxicity, and Magnetitum combined with Radix Bupleurui could strengthen the action of the whole prescription; Poria could reduce GM-induced OHC loss.Keywords：Erlong Zuoci Pill;gentamicin;ototoxicity;Hair Cell;cochlear culture;disassembled prescriptions
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To compare the clinical efficacy of treatment based on syndrome differentiation of Chinese medicine and modern conservative therapeutic program on post-traumatic elbow arthritis (PTEA) in order to provide the guidance in clinical practice. Seventy-six patients with PTEA requesting the conservative therapy were equally assigned to two groups randomly. The 38 patients in the treated group were administered with Chinese herbal medicines according to their syndrome typing for oral intake and external washing; while the other 38 patients in the control group were treated orally with glucosamine hydrochloride and Celecoxib, combined with intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate and peri-articular pain spot blocking with Triamcinolone Acetonaide Acetate injection. All were followed-up for six months with the therapeutic efficacy assessed by Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Scale scoring. All the 76 patients completed the trial. The JOA and HSS scores in the two groups were not significantly different before treatment (P>0.05), but they did show significant difference after treatment in terms of total score, joint pain, range of motion, and daily activity (P<0.05). However, there was no difference between the two groups in the improvement of joint stability and deformity (P>0.05). Both the Chinese drug therapy according to syndrome differentiation and modern conservative therapy are effective in treating PTEA, but the former shows more superiority, and so it is worthy of clinical spreading.Keywords：Arthritis;elbow;Chinese Medicine;diagnosis;Syndrome Differentiation
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Published：2021-08-27
OriginalPaper
- Abstract：MS14 is a natural herbal-marine drug, which has shown to slow down or halt the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). This drug consists of 90% Penaeus latisculatus, 5% Apium graveolens, and 5% Hypericum perforatum L. Preclinically, the effects of MS14 have mostly been examined in an animal model of multiple sclerosis called experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Clinical studies of the effects of MS14 in MS patients also showed that it could improve the patients’ quality of life. MS14 is a safe drug in MS patients and might also be effective in the treatment of other neurodegenerative disorders with the same mechanisms.Keywords：Multiple Sclerosis;MS14;herbal
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Published：2021-08-27
Letter
BookReview
- Abstract：Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating late-life dementia that produces progressive loss of memory and mental faculties in elderly people. It is important to identify the earliest evidence of AD and to monitor the development of this disease for us to make positive response to its management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is powerful to image the tissue or organ without damnification. MRI can be employed to diagnose the early AD development and monitor the key biomarker development in AD. MRI may be helpful not only in diagnosing early AD, but also in evaluating its development. This article reviews the progress of MRI on the diagnosis and detection of AD, and makes comments on its therapeutic application.Keywords：Alzheimer’s disease;diagnosis;magnetic resonance imaging
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Endometriosis (EM) is one of the common and frequently encountered gynecological diseases that seriously influences women’s health. Its morbidity reaches 10%–15% in women at reproductive ages, and shows an evident rising tendency. In recent years, the Chinese medicine treatment of EM has won favorable therapeutic effects with few adverse reactions. A brief review on this topic has been made through analyzing and summarizing recent pertinent literatures in terms of treatment depending on syndrome differentiation, cycle treatment, external treatment, integrative medicinal treatment, so as to try to know the status quo of Chinese medicine treatment on EM, and to provide some instructive views for clinical treatment and research.Keywords：endometriosis;Traditional Chinese Medicine;treatment;review
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Published：2021-08-27
ReviewPaper
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