Latest Issue
2010 Year 16 Vol. 4 Issue
- Abstract：To study the clinical effificacy of electroacupuncture (EA) on treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) of Shen (肾)-Sui (髓) insuffificiency (SSI) syndrome type. A total of 245 patients (279 knees) of KOA-SSI were randomly assigned to two groups by lottery: 141 knees in the treatment group and 138 knees in the control group. The treatment group was managed with EA at the dominant points of Neixiyan (Ex-LE4) and Waixiyan (Ex-LE5) as well as the conjugate points of Xuanzhong (GB39) and Taixi (KI3) for 30 min, once a day, with 15 days as one course; 2 courses were applied with a 5-day interval in between. The control group was treated with intra-articular injection of 2 mL hyaluronic acid into the affected joint every 7 days for 5 times in total. The clinical effects on the patients in different stages were observed, and their symptom scores of knee and contents of cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2α (PGE2α) and matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), in the knee joint fluid were measured before and after treatment. The study was completed in 235 patients (263 knees); four patients (7 knees) in the treatment group and six patients (9 knees) in the control group dropped out. Comparison of therapeutic effects (excellent and effective rates) between the two groups showed insignificant differences (P>0.05). Symptom scores of knee and contents of cytokines in the knee flfluid after treatment were lowered signifificantly in the patients of stage I–III in both groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). However, the lowering of the total symptom score of knee in the patients of stage III in the treatment group was more signifificant (P<0.05). EA could effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms in KOA patients of stage III, showing an effect superior to that of hyaluronic acid. EA also shows action in suppressing the secretion of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, PGE2α and MMP-3 in the knee flfluid.Keywords：osteoarthritis;electroacupuncture;clinical effectiveness;cytokine
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To explore the clinical effificacy and safety of acupuncture in treating gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Sixty patients with confirmed diagnosis of GER were randomly assigned to two groups. The 30 patients in the treatment group were treated with acupuncture at acupoints Zhongwan (CV 12), bilateral Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Neiguan (PC6), once a day, for 1 week as a therapeutic course, with interval of 2–3 days between courses; the 30 patients in the control group were administered orally with omeprazole 20 mg twice a day and 20 mg mosapride thrice a day. The treatment in both group lasted 6 weeks. Patients’ symptoms and times of reflux attacking were recorded, the 24-h intraesophageal acid/bile reflflux were monitored, and the endoscopic feature of esophageal mucous membrane was graded and scored at three time points, i.e., pre-treatment (T0), immediately after ending the treatment course (T1) and 4 weeks after it (T2). Besides, the adverse reactions were also observed. Compared with those detected at T0, 24-h intraesophageal pH and bile reflux, endoscopic grading score and symptom score were all decreased signifificantly at T1 in both groups similarly (P<0.01), showing insignifificant difference between groups (P>0.05). These indices were reversed at T2 to high level in the control group (P<0.05), but the reversion did not occur in the treatment group (P>0.05). No serious adverse reaction was found during the therapeutic period. Acupuncture can effectively inhibit the intraesophageal acid and bile reflflux in GER patients to alleviate patients’ symptoms with good safety and is well accepted by patients.Keywords：acupuncture;gastroesophageal reflflux;24-h intraesophageal pH;bile reflflux
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- 17
Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To study the effect and mechanism of Tianhuang Granule (田黄冲剂, THG) on: hydrocephalus in the patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage (ACH) through intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) level observation, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scoring (for nerve function de ficit). Sixty patients with ACH were equally randomized: into two groups by lottery, the control group and the THG group; all were treated with conventional therapy, but to the patients in the THG group, THG was given orally in addition for 28 days. Changes of ICP, MMP-9 expression, and NIHSS scores, as well as the degree of cerebral hematoma and hydrocephalus (by cranial CT scanning) in the patients, were estimated and compared. (1) ICP was lowered more significantly in the: THG group, showing a significant difference between groups on day 7 (P<0.05). (2) MMP-9 expression was down-regulated in the THG group more significantly and earlier than that in the control group. (3) The degrees of cerebral hematoma and hydrocephalus in the THG group on day 7 were reduced significantly as compared with those on day 3 (P<0.05), but in the control group, the day of significant reduction was delayed to day 14, and the degrees on day 7 and day 14 in the two groups were significantly different (P<0.05 and P<0.01). (4) NIHSS score was significantly lower in the THG group than that in the control group on day 14 and day 28 (P<0.05 and P<0.01). THG can effectively lower ICP, down-regulate MMP-9 expression, promote the absorption: of cerebral hematoma and hydrocephalus, and improve the nerve function, showing a clinical effectiveness than conventional therapy.Keywords：acute cerebral hemorrhage;intracranial pressure;matrix metalloproteinase-9;hydrocephalus;Chinese medicinal therapy;Tianhuang Granule
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To observe the clinical effectiveness of a topical application of Xiaozheng Zhitong: Paste (消癥止痛方, XZP) in alleviating the cancerous pain of patients with middle/late stage cancer By: adopting a random number table, 124 patients enrolled were randomized into the treatment group (64 patients) and the control group (60 patients). In addition to the basic therapy [including the three-ladder (3L) analgesia] used in both groups, topical application of XZP was given to patients in the treatment group for pain alleviation. The analgesic efficacy was recorded in terms of pain intensity, analgesia initiating time and sustaining time, and the optimal analgesic effect revealing time. Meanwhile, the quality of life (QOL) and adverse reactions that occurred in patients were recorded as well. The total effective rate in the treatment group was: 84.38% (54/64), and in the control group it was 88.33% (53/60), showing no significant difference between them (P>0.05), but the analgesia initiating time and the optimal analgesia effect revealing time in the treatment group were significantly shorter (both P<0.01). Moreover, XZP was better in improving patients’ QOL, showing more significant improvements in the treatment group than those in the control group in aspects of mental condition, walking capacity, working capacity, social acceptability, sleep and joy of living (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Lower incidence of adverse reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, mouth dryness, dizziness, etc., especially constipation, was noted in the treatment group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Applying an external compress: of XZP showed a synergistic action with 3L analgesia for shortening the initiating time and the optimal effect revealing time, and could evidently enhance patients’ QOL with fewer adverse reactions.Keywords：cancerous pain;Xiaozheng Zhitong Paste;Chinese medicinal external therapy;Clinical Study
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA)-induced cumulative analgesic effects on chronic pain in rats with or without ovariectomy (OVX). A total of 110 female Wistar rats were randomized into normal control (n=10), chronic constrictive injury (CCI, n=10), CCI+EA (n=30), OVX+CCI (n=30), and OVX+CCI+EA (n=30) groups. Each of the latter 3 groups was further divided into 2 days (2 d), 2 weeks (2 W) and 3 weeks (3 W) subgroups, respectively (n=10 in each subgroup). The CCI pain model was established by ligature of the right sciatic nerve, and the memory impairment model duplicated by OVX. The paw withdrawal latency (PWL, pain threshold) of the bilateral footplates was detected by radiant heat irradiation, and the bilateral difference in PWL (PWLD) was used to evaluate changes in the pain reaction. Morris water maze test was conducted for evaluating the rats’ learning-memory ability. EA was applied to bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Yanglingquan (GB34) for 2 d, 2 W and 3 W, respectively. Pituitary and hypothalamic β-endorphin (EP) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) contents were detected by immunoradioassay. Compared with the CCI group, PWLD of the CCI+EA-3 W group decreased signifificantly (P<0.05). Compared with the OVX+CCI group, PWLD of the OVX+CCI+EA-3 W group was lowered considerably (P<0.05), but the value was markedly higher than its basal value and those of the normal control and CCI+EA groups (P<0.05). In comparison with the sham-OVX group, the escape latency, swimming distance (SD) in the target quadrant and total SD were increased remarkably in the OVX group (P<0.05), while the number of target platform crossings was decreased signifificantly (P<0.05), suggesting an impairment of the OVX rats’ learning-memory ability. In simple CCI rats, both β-EP and ACTH contents of the pituitary increased markedly (P<0.05), and those of the hypothalamus decreased obviously compared to the normal control group (P<0.05). After EA, pituitary and hypothalamic ACTH levels were signifificantly lowered at 2 d and hypothalamic ACTH and β-EP contents increased obviously at 3 W in comparison with the CCI group (P<0.05). In OVX+CCI rats, following EA, pituitary β-EP contents at 2 d, 2 W and 3 W, and hypothalamic β-EP and ACTH contents at 2 W and hypothalamic ACTH levels at 3 W increased signifificantly (P<0.05), but hypothalamic β-EP level at 3W decreased markedly (P<0.05). The effects of repeated EA in lowering pituitary ACTH and raising hypothalamic β-EP and ACTH levels disappeared after OVX+CCI. Repeated EA has a cumulative analgesic effect, which is closely associated with its effects in regulating pituitary and hypothalamicβ-EP and ACTH levels. OVX may weaken the analgesic effect of EA by affecting hypothalamic-pituitary axis activity.Keywords：chronic neuropathic pain;repeated electroacupuncture;cumulative effect;pituitary;hypothalamus;adrenocorticotropic hormone;β-endorphin
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To observe the effects of Bushen Tongmai Recipe (补肾通脉方, BSTMR) on mRNA and protein expressions of protein kinase B alpha (PKB α) in hepatic, adipose, muscular, and ovarian tissues of polycystic ovary (PCO) rats with insulin resistance (IR) and to explore the possible molecular mechanism of BSTMR in treating IR and ovulation dysfunction. Female 22-day-old SD rats were injected subcutaneously with sodium prasterone sulfate (9 mg·100g−1·d−1) for 20 days and fed with high-fat diet for 80 days to induce PCO rats with IR. Then, the PCO rats were randomly divided into the model group (n=23) and the treated group (n=21). The treated group was administered with BSTMR for 2 weeks. Meanwhile, a group with 15 rats of the same age was used as the control group. The histological changes in the ovaries were examined. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was determined by the glucose oxidase method. Serum fasting insulin (Fins) was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The mRNA level of PKBα was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis were employed to detect the protein expression in target tissues. Compared with the control group, the ovaries in the model group showed multiple follicular cysts, levels of FBG and Fins in the model group increased markedly (P<0.05 or P<0.01, respectively), and the insulin sensitive index (ISI) decreased obviously (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expressions of PKBα in target tissues in the model group were dramatically lower than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the stratum granulosum of the ovarian follicle in the treated group increased markedly, the level of Fins in the treated group decreased obviously (P<0.01), ISI in the treated group improved markedly (P<0.01), and the mRNA and protein expressions of PKBα in target tissues of the treated rats were elevated significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). BSTMR could improve IR and ovulation dysfunction in PCO rats with IR, and its molecular mechanisms might be closely related with the elevation of mRNA and protein expressions of PKBα in target tissues of PCO rats with IR.Keywords：polycystic ovary;insulin resistance;Bushen Tongmai Recipe;protein kinase Bα
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate the relationship between the proliferation of sensitized human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and the expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and the effect of Shenmai Injection (参麦注射液, SMI) on HASMCs. The HASMCs cultured in vitro were divided into three groups: (1) control group; (2) sensitized group: containing 10% asthmatic serum; (3) SMI group: further divided into three different concentration subgroups interferred with 10 μL/mL, 50 μL/mL, and 100 μL/mL SMI, respectively. The proliferation of HASMCs was detected using MTT method, the expression of proliferating cell nucleus antigen (PCNA) in HASMCs was detected using immunocytochemical staining, and the expression of phosphoration-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) protein was detected using Western-blot. After passive sensitization,: the optical density value (A A490 value) of HASMCs was significantly increased from 0.366±0.086 to 0.839± 0.168 (P<0.05). In addition, the expression of PCNA was significantly increased from 28.7%±5.9% in the control group to 69.8%±7.5% in the sensitized group (P<0.05). At the same time, the expression of p-ERK1/2 in passively sensitized HASMCs was significantly increased compared with the control group (all P<0.05). After application of 10 μL/mL, 50 μL/mL, and 100 μL/mL SMI to the cultured media of passively sensitized group, the A570 value was significantly decreased from 0.839±0.168 to 0.612±0.100, 0.412±0.092, and 0.339±0.077, respectively (P<0.05). Moreover, the expression of PCNA was significantly decreased from 69.8%±7.5% to 57.8%±6.2%, 40.7%±5.4%, and 26.1%±5.2%, respectively. At the same time, the expression of p-ERK1/2 in each SMI group was significantly decreased compared with the sensitized group (all P<0.05). ERK signal transduction pathway may be involved in the airway remodeling in asthma. The expression of ERK can be inhibited by SMI in a dose-dependent manner, thus preventing the proliferation of HASMCs.Keywords：Shenmai injection;airway smooth muscle cells;extracellular signal regulated kinase;airway remodeling
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract from the stem bark of Drypetes tessmanniana, fractions (DTB1-5) as well as compounds [friedelin (2), 3,7-dioxofriedelane (3), 3,15-dioxofriedelane (4), 3β- O-(E)-3,5-dihydroxycinnamoyl-11-oxo-olean-12-ene (6), and 3β,6α-dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (7). Agar disc diffusion was used to determine the sensitivity of the above samples, whilst the microdilution method was used for the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentrations (MMC). The diffusion test showed that the crude extract was able to prevent the growth of all tested organisms. All other samples showed selective activity. The inhibitory effect of the fraction DTB2 was noted on 63.7%, that of DTB1 and DBT3 on 54.6%, whilst DTB4 and DTB5 were active on 9.1% of the 11 tested organisms. The tested compounds prevented the growth of 81.8% of the tested microbial species for compounds 3 and 4, 36.7% for compound 6, and 18.2% for compound 7. The results of the MIC determinations indicated perceptible values for DTB and compound 4 on 81.8% of the tested organisms. For other samples, MICs were detected on 0–63.7%. The lowest MIC value (78.12 μg/mL) for the crude extract and fractions (DTB2) was observed on M. audouinii. The corresponding value for isolated compounds (156.25 μg/mL) was noted with compounds 3 on S. faecalis and 4 on M. audouinii audouinii. The results of the MMC determination suggested that the microbicidal effect of most of the tested samples on the studied microorganisms could be expected. The methanol extract from the stem bark of Drypetes. tessmanniana (Euphorbiaceae) as well as some of the isolated compounds might be potential sources of new antimicrobial drugs.Keywords：Drypetes tessmanniana;Euphorbiaceae;compounds;antimicrobial activity
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To observe the effects of Yinian Jiangya Decoction (颐年降压饮, YNJYD) on cytokine secretion in spontaneoulsy hypertensive rats (SHRs) vascular endothelium. Aortic endothelial cells (ECs) were primarily cultured from SHRs; male SD rats were treated with different doses (high, medium, and low doses) of YNJYD, the blood was collected on the 21st day, and then, the serum was separated. ECs were cocultured with the serum for different time courses, and the culture supernatant concentrations of endothelin (ET)-1, nitric oxide (NO), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) were determined by ABC-ELISA methods. ET-1, NO, t-PA, and PAI-1 levels in endothelial cell culture supernatant were increased in a time-dependent manner; YNJYD could significantly elevate NO and t-PA expressions in ECs, while ET-1 and PAI-1 expressions were dramatically decreased; these effects of YNJYD were in a concentration-dependent manner. The therapeutic effect of YNJYD on hypertension is attributed to its effect on regulating vessel dilation and blood coagulation, in which ET-1/NO and PAI-1/t-PA are two pairs of pivotal mediators.Keywords：Yinian Jiangya Decoction;endothelial cell;cytokine
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To observe the efficacy of retention enema with Huchang Jiedu Decoction (护肠解毒汤, HJD) in treating chronic severe hepatitis B (CSHB). Sixty patients of CSHB were equally randomized into the treated group and the control group. Both groups were treated with conventional integrative medicine, but to patients in the treated group, retention enema with HJD was given in addition, once every day for 3 weeks. The dominant symptoms, physical signs, and related biochemical indices, as well as the incidence of complications in patients before and after treatment, were observed. Good therapeutic effects were shown in the treated group, with a total effective rate better than that in the control group (83.3% versus 60.0%, P<0.05), superior in terms of lowering alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), globulin (Glb), and endotoxin (ET) levels and increasing prothrombin activity (PTA), total cholesterol (TC), and calcium (Ca) levels, as well as eliminating ascites and preventing hepatic encephalopathy (P<0.05); especially in treating middle/early stage patients with Chinese medicine syndrome differentiated as water-toxin accumulation pattern. Retention enema with HJD is surely effective in treating CSHB, and its primary mechanism may be related to the mitigation of enterogenous endotoxemia.Keywords：Huchang Jiedu Decoction;severe hepatitis;type B;Retention Enema;endotoxemia
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To assess the effect and adverse reaction of total glucosides of paeony capsule (TGPC) in combining with citirizine for the treatment of chronic urticaria. A total of 120 patients were assigned to two groups by lottery, 65 in the treated group and 55 in the control group. They all were orally treated with citirizine tablet 10 mg per day, but to the treated group, additional 0.2 g TGPC was given three times per day, the therapeutic course for both groups was 4 weeks. The effectiveness of treatment was observed, and the changes of total symptom score, serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were measured before and after treatment. Moreover, a follow-up was carried out one month after ending the treatment. The dropped cases were two in the treated group and seven in the control group; so, the study was accomplished on 63 patients in the treated group and 48 patients in the control group. The total effective rate was assessed at 73.02% (46/63) in the treated group, which was significantly higher than 47.92% (23/48) in the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the total symptom score decreased in both groups, but the decrement in the treated group was more significant (P<0.05). Serum levels of IL-4 and IgE in the treated group lowered significantly, while the changes in the control group were insignificant, so statistical significant differences were shown between groups (P<0.01). A follow-up study showed that the relapse rate in the treated group was 30.00% (6/20), while that in the control group was 90.00% (9/10), and the former was lower than the latter (P<0.01). Adverse reactions, revealed as drowsiness, dizziness, and weakness, were seen in eight cases and seven cases in the two groups, respectively. Besides, mild diarrhea occurred in two cases of the treated group. The treatment of TGPC combining citirizine shows definite curative effect in treating chronic urticaria, with low relapse rate and without evident adverse reaction. Its therapeutic effect might be realized by means of regulating patients’ immune function. Besides, the medication should be continued for a rather long period to achieve the full effect.Keywords：total glucosides of paeony capsule;citirizine;combined therapy;chronic urticaria observation
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Published：2021-08-27 - Keywords：Western Medicine;Propolis;Natural Medicine;Oriental Medicine;Kampo Medicine
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- 1
Published：2021-08-27
OriginalPaper
BookReview
- Keywords：Anticancer Effect;Thulium;Support Vector Machine Method;Islamic Republic;Magnesium Phosphate
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- 7
Published：2021-08-27
Letter
- Abstract：Chinese arsenic drugs have been applied in Chinese medicine for several centuries. Beginning from 1970s, arsenic containing drugs have been generally used for the treatment of malignant hematologic diseases including acute promyelocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and multiple myeloma. No matter what ingredients of arsenic drugs were applied, either arsenic trioxide, arsenic disulfide, or arsenic containing Chinese herbal compositions including Qinghuang Powder (青黄散) and Realgar-Indigo naturalis formula (复方黄黛片), they all provided the distinct approaches for the management of malignant hematologic diseases, and good clinical efficacy was obtained with mild adverse reactions. Moreover, the mechanisms of action have been continually elucidated.Keywords：Chinese Drug;Arsenic;hematologic diseases;clinical efficacy;mechanism;Adverse Reaction
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease of the joints caused by wide variety of factors. factors. This paper provides a review of the clinical and experimental research on integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Western medicine in the treatment of osteoarthritis. (1) Clinical research: integrated Chinese and Western medicine therapies were used including physiotherapy, medications, acupuncture, functional training, intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate therapy, and arthroscopic debridement with Chinese medicine articular iontophoresis therapy. articular iontophoresis therapy. (2) Experimental research: modern methods were used in studying the mechanism of Chinese medicine in slowing down cartilage degeneration, promoting articular cartilage repair, inhibiting synovial inflammation, and blocking cartilage destruction. inflammation, and blocking cartilage destruction. In addition, this article also reviews the advantages, prospects, and problems of the therapies. and problems of the therapies.Keywords：integrated Chinese and western medicine;osteoarthritis;clinical research;experimental research
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- 16
Published：2021-08-27
ReviewPaper
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