Latest Issue
2011 Year 17 Vol. 10 Issue
- Abstract：Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease in joints and concomitant destruction of cartilage and bone. Cartilage extracellular matrix components, such as type II collagen and aggrecan are enzymatically degraded by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases in RA. Currently, treatments targeting cytokines, including anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α antibodies, soluble TNF receptor, anti-interleukin (IL)-6 receptor antibody, and IL-1 receptor antagonist, are widely used for treating RA in addition to antiantiinflammatory agents and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as inflmethotrexate, but these treatments have some problems, especially in terms of cost and the increased susceptibility of patients to infection in addition to the existence of low-responders to these treatments. Therefore, therapeutics that can be safely used for an extended period of time would be preferable. Complementary and alternative medicines including traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have been used for the arthritic diseases through the ages. Recently, there are many reports concerning the anti-arthritic action mechanisms of TCM-based herbal formulas and crude herbal extracts or isolated ingredients. These natural herbal medicines are thought to moderately improve RA, but they exert various actions for the treatment of RA. In this review, the current status of the mechanism exploration of natural compounds and TCM-based herbal formulas are summarized, focusing on the protection of cartilage destruction in arthritic diseases including RA and osteoarthritis.Keywords：rheumatoid arthritis;extracellular matrix;aggrecanase;matrix metalloproteinase;complementary and alternative medicine
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：There are studies that have evidence for and are against to suggest that some of the complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are effective against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there are no adequate studies that have evaluated the role that can be played by CAM in the management of RA. A focused approach in defining the role and limitation as well as the possible adverse events and safety should help in integrating both CAM and mainstream treatment of RA. This review discussed the limitations in the available literature and the direction for future research, which can accelerate the defining role of CAM in RA.Keywords：rheumatoid arthritis;complementary and alternative therapy
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease chiefly affecting synovial membranes of multiple joints. The clinical manifestations are highly variable. Besides joint affection, extra-articular manifestations always occur in RA patients, such as lung, blood vessel, heart, endocrine glands, hematological system, and nervous system affections. In addition to Western medicine therapy, Chinese medicine also plays a significant role in the treatment of RA with good efficacy and less adverse reactions. This paper summarizes the effects of Xinfeng Capsule (新风胶囊), a Chinese medicine, and the mechanisms of its action in ameliorating the extra-articular manifestations based on a series of clinical and experimental researches.Keywords：rheumatoid arthritis;extra-articular manifestations;Chinese Medicine;Xinfeng Capsule;mechanism of action;invigorating Pi
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To study the changes in cardiac function of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and: to observe the effect of Xinfeng Capsule (新风胶囊, XFC) on them. Sixty-eight RA patients were: randomly assigned to two groups by a lottery: 38 patients in the treatment group treated orally with XFC, 3 capsules, thrice a day, and 30 in the control group treated with Fengshi Gutong Capsule (风湿骨痛胶囊, FSGTC), 4 capsules, twice a day, 30 days as one course of treatment, and two courses were given for both groups. A normal control (NC) group including 20 healthy subjects was set up. The clinical efficacy was compared between the two treated groups. The changes in cardiac function, including early diastolic peak flow velocity (E), late diastolic peak flow velocity (A), left ventricular fraction shortening (FS), and E/A, as well as uric acid (UA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), α-acid glycoprotein (α-AGP), and hypersensitive C-reaction protein (hs-CRP), were observed. The regulation T cell was determined with flow cytometry. (1) The total effective rate in the treatment group and the control group was 92.1%: (35/38) and 70.0% (21/30), respectively. Significant difference was shown between them (P<0.05). (2)Keywords：rheumatoid arthritis;cardiac function;regulation T cell;inflammatory factor;Xinfeng Capsule
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To prevent the deterioration of osteopenia, a triple herb product Bo-gu Ling (补骨 灵, ELP) was created for a clinical trial on post-menopausal women suffering from osteopenia. The design of the clinical trial was of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled nature. A total of 150 women aged 40–60 years, who were after menopause for at least 1 year and their lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) must be lower than 0.891 g/cm2, were recruited and randomly divided into the ELP group treated with ELP and the placebo group, with 75 in each group. The primary endpoint was the BMD of the lumbar spine that was assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Secondary endpoints included peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measurements of distal tibia and the changes in the quality of life (QOL). The spine BMD of the ELP group was increased by 0.69% in the subjects who were more than 10 years after menopause. In contrast, the placebo group of the same stratum decreased by 0.61% (P=0.067). In the subjects with more than 10 years duration of menopause, the hip BMD increased by 0.21% in the ELP group, compared with a decrease of 0.52% in the placebo group (P=0.159). The tibia strengthstrain index was increased by 1.94% in the ELP group compared with 0.33% in the placebo group (P=0.047). Physical function of SF-36 QOL questionnaire was remarkably improved compared with the baseline, but did not show dominance over the placebo group. ELP showed potential benefifit in improving BMD on the women who experienced over 10 years of menopause.Keywords：prevention of osteoporosis;Herbal Product;Bone Mineral Density
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the structure parameters of synapse and reactive changes of astrocyte in the marginal zone of focal cerebral ischemia in rats at different time zones so as to further explore its underlying mechanisms in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Ninety male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sham-operation, model, and EA groups, with 30 animals in each group. Each group was subdivided into 1 h, as well as 1, 3, 7, and 21 days post-operation groups, with 6 animals assigned to each time point subgroup. Heat coagulation-induced occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed to establish a model of focal cerebral ischemia. EA was applied immediately following surgery to the EA group [4/20 Hz, 2.0–3.0 V, 1–3 mA, to Baihui (GV20) and Dazhui (GV14)] for 30 min. Treatment was performed once a day, and experimental animals were sacrificed at 1 h, as well as 1, 3, 7 and 21 days postoperation. The ultrastructure changes in synapse and astrocytes were observed by using transmission electron microscopy. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and Ca2+ of astrocytes were measured by using laser confocal scanning microscope. Excitatory amino acid transporters-2 (EAAT2) and connexin 43 (CX43) expressions were assayed with immunohistochemical method. Canonical correlation analysis was conducted between structure parameters of synapse and parameters of astrocyte in the same time and group. Broken synapses were observed following cerebral ischemia, and the numbers of synapses were significantly decreased. Compared with the model group, synaptic ultrastructure was significantly improved in the EA group. Compared with the sham-operation group, synaptic number density was significantly decreased, as were postsynaptic density thickness, synaptic cleft width and synaptic interface curvature in the EA and model groups. However, compared with the model group, postsynaptic density thickness was significantly increased in the EA group at the same time points post-operation (P <0.05, P<0.01). In addition, synaptic cleft width, synaptic number density and synaptic interface curvature were significantly increased with the passage of time (P <0.05, P<0.01). The expression of GFAP in the EA group were significantly lower than those in the model group at all the time points (P <0.05, P<0.01). OD values of EAAT2 in the EA group were significantly higher than those in the model group at the same time (P <0.05, P<0.01). Compared with that in the model group, the expressions of CX43 in the EA group increased significantly at 3 days and 7 days (P <0.05, P<0.01). Ca2+ average fluorescence intensity of astrocytes in the EA group was significantly lower than those in the model group at 1 h, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days (P <0.05, P<0.01). The changes in structure parameters of synapse were closely related to the changes of CX43, EAAT2, GFAP, Ca2+ of astrocytes by EA treatment at all the time points. EA is helpful for synaptic reorganization, which may be related to its effect on intervening the activation state of astrocytes and promoting the beneficial interaction between astrocytes and synapses. Acupuncture could start the adjustment of neuron-glial network so as to promote the synaptic reorganization, which may be the key mechanism of treating cerebral ischemia.Keywords：electroacupuncture;ischemia;brain plasticity;synaptic reorganization;astrocyte;rat
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To comparatively analyze the difference in the expression of 54 transcription factors in the hypothalamus using protein chips following the medication of Chinese drugs for Shen (肾)-tonification, Herba Epimedii, and Fructus Ligustri lucidi (FL) to aged rats. Wistar rats, aged 15 months of SPF grade, were randomized into three groups, three males and three females in each group. They were medicated with Herba Epimedii decoction (HED, 0.14 g/kg), Fructus Ligustri lucidi decoction (FLD, 0.12 g/kg), and distilled water, respectively, twice a day for 15 days. The rats were sacrificed at the morning of the 16th day 1 h after medication, and their hypothalamus was taken and made into homogenate under an ice-bath for detecting the expression of transcription factors with chip technique. The expressions of signal transduction and transcription activation factor-6 (Stat-6) and androgen receptor (AR) were up-regulated, and those of pre-B transcription factor1 (Pbx-1), stat-1 and AP-2 were down-regulated in both HED and FLD treated groups, but these changes occurred mainly in female rats in the former while mainly in males in the latter. Chinese drugs for Shen-tonification could impact the expression of transcription factors in the hypothalamus of aged rats, dominantly on the neuro-endocrine factors responsible for the growth and development. The effects of drugs for tonifying Shen-yang and for tonifying Shen-yin are different, which is probably one of the pharmacological mechanisms of the Shen-tonifying drugs.Keywords：Herba Epimedii;Fructus Ligustri lucidi;transcription factor;aged rat;hypothalamus
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate the antiviral effects of the aqueous extract of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. (A.E.), a Chinese medicinal herb, against coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). The antiviral effects of A.E. against CVB3 in vitro (primarily cultured myocardial cells) and in vivo (BALB/c mice) were determined. Serum pharmacological method was also adopted by in vitro experiments. The effects of A.E. inhibiting the CVB3 mRNA expression were compared by RT-PCR in mice in vivo. A.E. exhibited obvious antiviral: effects in vivo, and serum samples obtained from the rats with oral administration of A.E. (10 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL), reduced the virus titers in the infected myocardial cells (3.00±0.70, 3.55±0.52, P<0.01). Meanwhile, the viral myocarditis induced by CVB3 was inhibited significantly by A.E., and the 15-day mortality was reduced to 40% and 45% (P<0.01) in mice treated with A.E. at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively, while the 30-day mortality was decreased to 45% and 50%, respectively (P<0.01). Moreover, the mRNA expression of Coxsackie virus B3 was significantly inhibited by A.E. Aqueous extract of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. (A.E.) has inhibitory effect on CVB3 both in vitro and in vivo.Keywords：aqueous extract of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn.;Coxsackievirus B3;Viral Myocarditis
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To explore the anti-fatigue effect of Renshen Yangrong Decoction (人参养荣汤, RYD): in mice. One hundred Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 20 mice in each: group. The negative control group was treated with distilled water, the positive control group was treated with Shiyiwei Shenqi Tablet (十一味参芪片, 1.0 g/kg), the high-, medium- and low-dose RYD groups were treated with 42.0, 21.0 and 10.5 g/kg of RYD daily, respectively, by gastric infusion. At the end of the 7-day treatment, loaded swimming time, organ wet weight and coefficient, serum glucose, urea nitrogen, and hepatic glycogen levels were determined. The outcomes were compared among groups. As compared with the negative: control group, the loaded swimming time was significantly increased in the positive control group, specifically the medium- and high-dose RYD groups (P<0.01). In addition, the wet weights and coefficients of the spleen and thymus, and the serum glucose and hepatic glycogen contents were increased, whereas serum urea nitrogen level was significantly decreased in the positive control group and the high dose RYD group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). RYD showed an anti-fatigue effect in mice.Keywords：Renshen Yangrong Decoction;anti-fatigue;loaded swimming time;urea nitrogen;hepatic glycogen
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate the role of the TLR4-NFκB-TNFα inflammation pathway on: lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocyte injury and the possible protective effects of salvianolic acid B (Sal B). Wistar rat (1–2 days old) cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured. Sal B 10−5mol/L, 10−6mol/L and 10−7mol/L were pre-treated for 6 h in the culture medium. LPS (1 μg/mL) was added to mol/the culture medium and kept for 6 h to induce inflammation injury. The concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant was detected by spectrophotometry. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the supernatant were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The protein expressions of toll, such as receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expressions of TLR4 and NFκB were detected by real-realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (1) The concentrations of LDH and: TNFα in the LPS control group were significantly higher than those in the control group (561.41±67.39 U/L and 77.94±15.08 pg/mL, versus 292.13±26.02 U/L and 25.39±16.53 pg/mL, respectively, P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the LPS control group, the concentrations of LDH and TNFα were significantly decreased in the Sal B 10−5mol/L pre-treated group (451.76±83.96 U/L and 34.00±10.38 pg/mL, respectively, P<0.05). (2) The TLR4 and NFκB protein expression area in the LPS control group were significantly higher than those in the control group (1712.41±410.12 μm2 and 2378.15±175.29 μm2, versus 418.62±24.42 μm2 and 1721.74±202.87 μm2, respectively, P<0.01). The TLR4 and NFκB protein expression internal optical density (IOD) values in the LPS control group were also significantly higher than those in the control group (3.06±0.33 and 7.20±1.04, versus 0.91±0.21 and 4.24±0.48, respectively, P<0.05 and P<0.01). Compared with the LPS control group, the TLR4 and NFκB protein expression areas were significantly decreased in the Sal B 10−5mol/L pre-treated group (1251.54±133.82 μm2 and 1996.37±256.67 μm2, respectively, P<0.05), the TLR4 and NFκB protein expression IOD values were also significantly decreased in the Sal B 10−5mol/L pre- mol/pretreated group (1.92±0.28 and 5.17±0.77, respectively, treated P<0.05). (3) The TLR4 and NFκB mRNA expressions (2−ΔΔCT value) in the LPS control group were significantly higher than those in the control group (3.16±0.38 and 5.03±0.43 versus 1.04±0.19 and 1.08±0.21, respectively, P<0.01). Compared with the LPS control group, the TLR4 and NFκB mRNA expressions (2−ΔΔ -CT value) were significantly decreased in the Sal B 10−5mol/L pre- mol/pretreated group (1.34±0.22 and 1.74±0.26, respectively, treated P<0.05). The concentration of HSP70 did not show any
0.05). The TLR4-NFκB-TNFα pathway was quickly activated: and was independent of HSP70 in the early phase of neonatal cardiomyocyte injury induced by LPS. The protective effects of Sal B may be through inhibiting the TLR4-NFκB-TNFα pathway and are dose-dependent. Keywords：salvianolic acid B;TLR4-NFκB-TNFα pathway;cardiomyocytes;lipopolysaccharide- 1006
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To explore the effect of Soothing Gan (肝) and invigorating Pi (脾) (SGIP) acupuncture treatment on the clinical symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). With a single-blinded randomized control study adopted, 63 patients who met the inclusion criteria were assigned by a random number table to two groups, 31 in the treatment group and 32 in the drug control group. The treatment group received SGIP acupuncture therapy; while the control group was treated orally with pinaverium bromide. The treatment duration of both groups was 28 days. The clinical efficacy was evaluated and compared by scoring patient’s symptom and QOL. A significant difference was found by variance analysis in efficacies between the two groups (P<0.01), shown as the quicker initiation of effect (P<0.05) and the more evident clinical improvement in symptoms along the increase in treatment duration, as well as the more significant elevation of QOL in the acupuncture treatment group (P<0.01). SGIP displayed its superiority especially in improving dysphoria, conflict behavior, dietary restrictions, and social responses. SGIP acupuncture treatment could effectively alleviate the degree and frequency of symptoms’ attack in IBS-D patients, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal distension, etc., markedly relieve the tenesmic sensation, with the efficacy better than that of pinaverium bromide, showing a preponderance in improving patient’s QOL.Keywords：diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome;Soothing Gan and invigorating Pi acupuncture treatment;quality of life
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Published：2021-08-27 - Keywords：Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection;Remission Stage;Respiration Tract Infection;Squamous Cell Metaplasia;Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
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Published：2021-08-27
OriginalPaper
- Abstract：Tai chi has been recommended for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate evidence from controlled clinical trials testing the effectiveness of tai chi in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. Systematic searches were conducted on 14 electronic databases without restrictions on either population characteristics or language of publication. The outcome measures considered for inclusion were changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and quality of life (QOL). Eight randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and two controlled clinical trials (CCTs) met all inclusion criteria. Three RCTs from 1 trial compared the effects of tai chi with sham exercise and failed to show effectiveness of tai chi on FBG, HbA1c, or QOL. The other 3 RCTs tested the effects of tai chi compared with other types of exercise on FBG. The meta-analysis failed to show an FBG-lowering effect of tai chi [n=118, weighted mean difference (WMD): −0.14 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.86 to 0.58, P=0.70]. Four studies (2 RCTs and 2 CCT) compared tai chi with no treatment or self-management programme and failed to report significant differences between the experimental and control groups except for QOL from 1 RCT and 1 CCT. The existing evidence does not suggest that tai chi is an effective therapy for type 2 diabetes. Currently, there are few high-quality trials on which to make definitive judgements.Keywords：type 2 diabetes mellitus;tai chi;fast blood glucose;Complementary Medicine
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Diabetic nephropathy is one of the main causes of renal end-stage disease. The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is complex. The current treatment is only for a particular cause without multi-target therapeutic drugs. Chinese medicine is a great treasure with multi-component complex drugs interacting with multiple targets and functions. This paper reviewed the protective effect of Chinese medicine for treating diabetic nephropathy in clinical studies, in vivo studies, and in vitro studies. The possible mechanisms, the major compounds and active crude drugs were also summarized. It was shown that Chinese medicine could not only relieve several symptoms and improve the quality of life, but also reduce the levels of proteinuria and kidney damage, and further improve renal function via multiple pathways based on the whole human system. Moreover, there were no reports of severe adverse reactions during the treatment.Keywords：diabetic nephropathy;Chinese Medicine;in vivo study;in vitro study
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Published：2021-08-27
ReviewPaper
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