Latest Issue
2011 Year 17 Vol. 11 Issue
- Abstract：Syndrome differentiation is a methodology unique to Chinese medicine. It threads the diagnosis process with clinical treatment into a holistic web of links to determine and regulate the patterns of dysfunctions in the human body. It is seen as the essence of Chinese medicine because it takes into account the theoretical principles, diagnostic methodologies and the modality of treatment holistically. In this process the progressive development and changes of syndromes are also considered by the physician. This paper is a systematic study of the methodology of syndrome differentiation in relation to its clinical applications in the treatment of diseases. To illustrate the efficacy of syndrome differentiation, the relationship between pattern identification and diseases is analysed to provide a guiding principle for integration between Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Diseases being selected include cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic syndromes. A study of renal and hepatic diseases related to lifestyle is also included to highlight the clinical efficacy of syndrome differentiation. The paper also includes an analytical summary of the theoretical advancements made in integrative differentiation methodology during the past five decades which links to the recent clinical thinking and practice.Keywords：Syndrome Differentiation;pattern diagnosis;the Eight Principles of Differentiation;Zang Fu differentiation;metabolic syndrome;Blood Stasis
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Chinese medicine (CM) pattern diagnosis (Bian zheng or syndrome differentiation), as another patient classification approach, has been incorporated with biomedicine diagnosis in clinical practice in China, and the clinical experience has proven that the integration of biomedicine and CM is better in the treatment of many diseases. CM pattern diagnosis is completely different from the diagnosis in biomedicine, and it must take an active role in innovation for medical sciences. This paper is trying to discuss how CM pattern diagnosis lead to innovations in basic research, clinical research and new drug discovery. Scientific basis of CM pattern in innovation of basic research, clinical efficacy and safety, CM pattern based clinical trial design, CM pattern and clinical practice guideline in innovation of clinical study, CM pattern based indication finding, and CM pattern based network pharmacology in innovation of new drug discovery have been discussed.Keywords：Chinese Medicine;pattern diagnosis;innovation in medical sciences
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Chinese medicine practitioners apply the differentiation reasoning for decision-making. The wide scope of Chinese medicine intervention provides coverage of methods and techniques with applications to primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention. The rapid evolution of mathematical and computational techniques allowed the implementation of several models for pattern differentiation that were tested for several physiologic systems. Concurrently, it is argued that pattern differentiation might improve the efficacy of either traditional or conventional medical interventions. This article reviewed the influence of pattern differentiation into clinical practice organized by medical field: general pattern differentiation; genitourinary (recurrent cystitis); cardiovascular (coronary heart disease; arterial hypertension; angina pectoris); neurology (stroke); surgery; metabolic (diabetes mellitus); hepatic (cirrhosis); gastrointestinal (chronic superficial gastritis); orthopedic (low back pain; rheumatoid arthritis; cervical spondylosis; elbow arthritis); oncology (gastric mucosal dysplasia; lung cancer); gynecologic and obstetric manifestations (nausea and vomiting). The reviewed studies presented achievements that have contributed to the integration of Chinese medicine and evidence-based medicine in the treatment of many mild and severe diseases. Target diseases considered as major public health problems were also investigated and the results are promising regarding the possibility to treat guided by pattern differentiation.Keywords：Chinese medicine-syndrome differentiation;Chinese Medicine;preventive medicine;rehabilitation “health care delivery”
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Pattern diagnosis is an integral aspect of Chinese medicine (CM). CM differentiates biomedical diseases into patterns, based upon the patient’s symptoms and signs. Pattern identification (PI) is used to diagnose, direct the treatment principle and determine the treatment protocol. Most CM research has used fixed formula treatments for Western-defined diseases with outcomes measured using objective biomedical markers. This article presents an innovative method used in a randomised controlled pilot study using acupuncture for participants with hepatitis C virus. Each participant’s CM patterns were identified and quantified at baseline which directed the treatment protocol for the treatment group. Data identified that while each participant expressed different patterns at baseline all participants displayed multiple patterns. Six patterns showed some expression by all 16 participants; Liver (Gan) yin vacuity expressing a group aggregate mean percentage of 47.2, binding depression of Liver qi 46.9, and Liver Kidney (Shen) yin vacuity 45.1. Further sub category gender grouping revealed that pattern ranking changed with gender; Liver yin vacuity (male 53.4%, female 51.93%), binding depression of Liver qi (male 50.0%, female 42.86%) and Liver Kidney yin vacuity (male 42.9%, female 47.96%). The quantification of CM patterns described in this article permitted statistical evaluation of presenting CM patterns. Although this methodology is in its infancy it may have potential use in the integration of PI with rigorous evidence based clinical research. Biomedical markers often do not relate to symptom/signs and therefore this innovative measure may offer an additional CM evaluation methodology and further CM PI understanding.Keywords：Chinese Medicine;pattern identification;acupuncture;hepatitis C virus
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Published：2021-08-27 -
Clinical observation of the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome mainly with Qinghuang Powder (青黄散)
Abstract：To observe the clinical effectiveness of Qinghuang Powder (青黄散, QHP) combined with Bupi Yishen Decoction (补脾益肾汤, BPYS) in treating myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and its relationship with France, America, and Britain (FAB) type, international prognosis scaling system (IPSS) risk, and chromosome karyotype. There were 124 MDS patients subjected to the tests. By FAB typing, 91 patients were typed as refractory anemia (RA) type and 33 as refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) type; by IPSS scale, 21 were sorted to low risk, 77 to moderate risk I, 20 to moderate risk II, and 6 to high risk; 78 of them had normal chromosome and 46 with abnormal chromosome, including 26 of trisomy 8. All patients were treated with QHP+BPYS, and the changes of peripheral blood figure and bone marrow were observed. After treatment, the general effective rate was 72.58% (90/124), which in the patients of RA type was 80.22% (73/91) and in RAEB type 51.52% (17/33). The former was better than that in the later (P<0.01). For the analysis in the patients of different IPSS risk degrees, the effective rate was 95.24% (20/21) in the lowrisk group, 72.73% (56/77) in moderate risk I, 65.00% (13/20) in moderate-risk II, and 16.67% (1/6) in high-risk group. Those in the first two groups were superior to that in the latter two (P<0.01). The effective rate was 79.49% (61/78) in the patients with normal chromosome and was 60.87% (28/46) in the patients with abnormal chromosome, showing a significant difference between them. While in the patients of trisomy 8, it was 73.08% (19/26), which was parallel to that in the patients with normal chromosome. The effectiveness of QHP+BPYS comprehensive therapy for MDS is unquestionably good, and it is markedly correlated with the FAB type and IPSS risk degree of the disease, as well as the normality of chromosome in the patient.Keywords：myelodysplastic syndrome;Qinghuang Powder;realgar;Bupi Yishen Decoction;clinical effectiveness- 824
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To evaluate the angiogenic effect of the Xiongshao capsule (芎芍胶囊, XSC) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms mediating its biological effect. Serum pharmacology was applied in this study, in which different doses of XSC were administrated to rats orally and then XSC-containing serum (XSC-S) was collected for the following in vitro experiments. The viability of HUVEC was determined by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell density was observed via phase-contrast microscopy. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis with propidium iodide staining was performed to determine cell cycle phase. Cell migration was determined by wound-healing method. Capillary tube formation by HUVEC was examined using ECMatrix gel-based assay. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression levels were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) analyses. XSC-S dose-dependently stimulated proliferation of HUVEC by promoting the cell cycle G1 to S progression. In addition, XSC-S treatment dramatically increased the migration and capillary tube formation of HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, XSC-S enhanced the expression of VEGF and bFGF at both mRNA and protein levels. XSC can promote several features of angiogenesis in endothelial cells through up-regulating the expression of bFGF and VEGF, suggesting that XSC may be a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases.Keywords：Xiongshao capsule;Chinese Medicine;angiogenesis;serum pharmacology
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To observe the effect of a Chinese medicine compound, Naoerkang (脑尔康, NEK), on amyloid-beta peptide (1–42; Aβ1–42) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expressions in the hippocampus of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model rats. A total of 48 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control, untreated, and piracetam groups, and low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose NEK groups, with 8 rats in each group. The 5-μL aggregated Aβ1–42 (2 μg/μL) were injected into both CA1 areas of the hippocampus in the rats to establish an AD model, whereas the normal control was treated with the same dose of normal saline. The rats in the NEK groups were treated with a high, medium, or low dose of NEK [60 g/(kg·d), 30 g/(kg·d), and 15 g/(kg·d)], respectively, intragastrically for 28 days; piracetam (0.375 g/kg, intragastrically) was consecutively administered in the piracetam group; and normal saline was applied in the normal control and untreated groups. A Y-maze test was used for behavioral study to test the learning and memory abilities. Aβ1–42 and MMP-9 expressions in the hippocampus was determined immunohistochemically, and the results were analyzed by image acquisition and an analysis system. Aggregated Aβ1–42 induced obvious learning and memory dysfunction, as well as up-regulation of Aβ1–42 expression in the hippocampus. Compared with those in the normal control group, the learning and memory abilities of rats in the untreated group significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the expression of Aβ1–42 was significantly increased (P<0.01). Twenty-eight days after different treatments, compared with those in the untreated group, the learning and memory abilities of AD model rats in the piracetam, low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose NEK groups were significantly improved (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the expression of Aβ1–42 in the hippocampus decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and MMP-9 increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05), especially in the high-dose NEK group. NEK might play a role of anti-dementia by increasing the expression of MMP-9 in the hippocampus of AD model rats, resulting in the reduction of the quantity of Aβ1–42 and improvement in learning and memory ability in AD model rats.Keywords：Naoerkang;Alzheimer’s disease;amyloid beta-peptide;matrix metalloproteinase-9;rats
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate whether the administration of the ultra-filtration extract from Danggui Buxue Decoction (当归补血汤, EDBD) was able to protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative injury of rats induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its potential mechanism. Myocardial cells from 1- to 2-day-old neonatal rats were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium low-glucose and Ham’s F12 medium (1:1), and the cellular injury was induced by H2O2. The ultra-filtration extract mixture from Angelica sinensis and Hedysarum polybotrys was given in three doses of 3.75, 7.5, and 15 mg/mL. Morphological changes of cardiomyocytes were observed by microscope. Survival rate of myocardial cells was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cardiomyocyte damages were estimated by detecting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) releases in the medium, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) contents. The levels of caspase-3 and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) mRNA expression in cardiomyocytes were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The EDBD could protect the cardiomyocytes from H2O2 injury in a dosedependent manner (3.75, 7.50, and 15.00 mg/mL). The EDBD could significantly decrease LDH and CK leakages and intracellular MDA and MPO contents, increase SOD activity, up-regulate hsp70 expression, and down-regulate caspase-3 expression. The EDBD has protection on cardiomyocytes injured by H2O2 through improving cell antioxidant ability, up-regulating hsp70 expression, and inhibiting caspase-3 activity.Keywords：ultra-filtration extract from Danggui Buxue Decoction (当归补血汤);oxidative injury;cardiomyocyte;heat shock protein 70
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To observe the acupuncture therapy effect on the urinary retention after radical: hysterectomy. Eighty cases of urinary retention after radical hysterectomy were randomly assigned to: the treatment group and control group according to the random number table method, 40 cases in each group. From the 15th day post operation, the patients in the two groups started to be treated and 7 days as a course with 5 days treatment and 2 days interval. The treatment group applied acupuncture with modalities of common needling on Zusanli (ST36) bilaterally, electroacupuncture on Sanyinjiao (SP6), Shuidao (ST28), and Scalp Reproduction Area bilaterally, moxibustion on Shenque (CV8). The control group applied acupoint injection with vitamin B B12 12, and Sanyinjiao and Zusanli were selected. Take turns on both sides. The courses for the recovery, of bladder function and residual urine volume for those who had voluntary micturition more than 200 mL after the first and second course of treatment were compared between the two groups. Within 1 course and 2: courses of treatment, the patients with bladder function recovery in the treatment group were 21 (21/40) and 36 (36/40), and those in the control group were 12 (12/40) and 29 (29/40), both with a significant difference (P<0.05). After the first course and second course, residual urine volume for those who had voluntary micturition more than 200 mL in the treatment group was 91.7±17.5 mL and 93.5±15.5 mL, in the control group 102.4±13.7 mL and 102.5±15.7 mL, both with a significant difference (P<0.05). Combination of acupuncture: modalities was better than acupoint injection for the recovery of bladder function in urinary retention after radical hysterectomy. It would shorten the course of treatment and get a better recovery, decrease urinary retention cases of refractoriness, and extending the treatment could raise the healing rate of urinary retention.Keywords：acupuncture;radical hysterectomy;postoperative complications;urinary retention
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：The history of biomaterials research is seriously surveyed. It is found that an immutable way of thinking for developing biomaterials is rooted deeply in Western medicine and biology. It is necessary to modify or change the current status of thinking. In this paper, the author presents an idea to research and develop biomaterials via a combined way of thinking, i.e., combining together the wisdom and knowledge of Western medicine, Chinese medicine, and other disciplines.Keywords：biomaterials;biocompatible materials;Chinese Medicine;thinking
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Published：2021-08-27
OriginalPaper
- Abstract：The Chinese medical ethics committee and the ethical review system have made the following achievements: (1) enabled the institutionalization of medical ethics, (2) carried out the ethics review of Chinese medicine (CM) and integrative medicine extensively, (3) trained a large number of ethical professionals, (4) supported and protected the interests of patients and subjects, and (5) ensured the correct direction of biological research and provided ethical defense for the publication of its results. However, at the same time, they are also faced with some new problems and difficulties that need to be resolved in the following ways: (1) to refine the relevant rules of ethical review, (2) to develop the relevant standards of the CM and integrative medicine ethical review, (3) to enhance the independence and authority of ethics committee, (4) to emphasize innovation and to discover and solve new problems, and (5) to increase international exchanges and improve relevant research.Keywords：Chinese ethics review system;medical ethics committee;Chinese medicine ethical review;integrative medicine ethical review;bioethics
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Heart failure (HF) is a severe heart disease. The use of autologous bone marrow stem cells (BMCs) mobilization in the treatment of HF has been a hot topic to research both in Western medicine and Chinese medicine (CM). There are many clinical trials and experiments on study of BMCs mobilization for HF therapy, including integrative medicine. The effect of BMCs mobilization is favorable for cardiac repair, while some advantages of CM support the advanced study of its application in BMCs mobilization to treat HF. In addition, with mechanisms of autologous BMCs mobilization for the treatment of HF that will be revealed in the future, especially stem cells niches, integrative medicine would play an important role in this clinical thought of therapy model gradually. Simultaneously, CM should adapt the new approaches of stem cells progresses on HF treatment as holding characteristics of itself.Keywords：autologous bone marrow stem cells mobilization;heart failure;Chinese Medicine;cardiac repair
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Published：2021-08-27
ReviewPaper
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