Latest Issue
2011 Year 17 Vol. 2 Issue
EditorialNotes
- Abstract：Traditional Japanese medicine, Kampo, is used by over 80% of medical doctors in Japan. Owing to its high quality and safety, Kampo has been integrated into modern medicine, and there are 345 randomized controlled trials using Kampo in Japan as of 2010. Although there are a number of articles in top journals about basic science research, we can find only small numbers of high-quality clinical evidence. Since undergraduate education on Kampo has been established, integrative approach with the balanced combination of modern medicine and Kampo is expected to generate good clinical evidence in the near future.Keywords：Kampo;Traditional Medicine;evidence;randomized controlled trial;Integrative Medicine
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Rasayana tantra is one of the eight specialties of Ayurveda. It is a specialized practice in the form of rejuvenative recipes, dietary regimen, special health promoting behaviour and drugs. Properly administered Rasayana can bestow the human being with several benefits like longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from diseases, youthful age, excellence of luster, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, respectability and brilliance. Various types of plant based Rasayana recipes are mentioned in Ayurveda. Review of the current literature available on Rasayanas indicates that anti-oxidant and immunomodulation are the most studied activities of the Rasayana drugs. Querying in Pubmed database on Rasayanas reveals that single plants as well as poly herbal formulations have been researched on. This article reviews the basics of Rasayana therapy and the published research on different Rasayana drugs for specific health conditions. It also provides the possible directions for future research.Keywords：Ayurveda;Rasayana;rejuvenation;anti-ageing;anti-oxidant;immunomodulation
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Unani medicine or Islamic medicine is one of the main healing systems in the world, which was set up by the Islamic physicians in the Middle East about a thousand years ago based on the teachings of Hippocrates and Galen. This medical system had been practiced widespread in the world including Europe until the 16th century and contributed greatly to the development of modern medicine. Despite the remarkable advancements in orthodox medicine, the traditional medicine has always been practiced in the Middle East communities. Due to cultural beliefs and practices, the Middle East communities have a very rich tradition in the utilization of herbal remedies as well as diverse spiritual techniques for treating various disorders. Traditional practitioners have become the main component of disease management in the Middle East and they have used herbal remedies along with spiritual techniques for the treatment of ailments mainly based on the Unani medicine.Keywords：Middle East;Traditional Medicine;Unani medicine;Islamic medicine;traditional practitioners
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：This study investigated the extent to which recourse to traditional healers depended on biometric variables; ways of knowing in good time what ailments were more likely to be better handled by traditional healers; rationale behind traditional healing methodologies. On the whole, four research questions were engaged. The sample for the study included residents in urban (Benin City) and rural (Ehime Mbano) communities in Nigeria. The instruments comprised of two questionnaires. The traditional healers were also interviewed in addition. The findings of the research included the following: in both rural and urban areas, women and more elderly persons had more recourse than other groups to traditional medicine; Christians, less educated persons, self-employed persons and women affirmed most strongly to the efficacy of traditional medicine over Western medicine with respect to certain ailments; ways for averting spiritual illnesses included obeying instructions from ancestors and offering regular sacrifices to the gods; methods used by traditional healers to determine whether an ailment was “spiritual” or as a result of home problems included diagnosis linked to divination, interpretation of dreams particularly those involving visits by ancestors, interpretation of nightmares and omens such as the appearance of owls; methods for curing patients included use of herbs particularly those believed to have magical powers, offering of sacrifices, use of incantations and wearing of protective medicine.Keywords：metaphysics;values;spiritual;home problem;Traditional Medicine;West Africa
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To observe the effect and mechanism of Chinese medicine therapy for activating blood and dredging collaterals (ABDC) on treating systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SLE-ANFH). Thirty-four patients (51 joints) with SLE-ANFH were assigned by a random number table to two groups: 22 patients (32 joints) in the treatment group and 12 patients (19 joints) in the control group. All received Western medical conventional treatment for anti-inflammation and immunosuppression, but an additional Chinese medicine decoction prescribed based on ABDC principle was administered to patients in the treatment group. The observation on the patients’ condition and therapeutic effect lasted for 3 years. The patients’ conditions in the two groups, as assessed by Association for Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging, were similar before treatment. After treatment, comparison between groups showed significant difference (P<0.05), and the raised Harris functional scores in the treatment group were higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The post-treatment symptom improving rate in the treated group was 72.73%, which was higher than that in the control group (50.00%, P<0.05). Moreover, the former was superior in improving hematologic and hemorrheologic parameters in terms of prolonging activated partial thromboplastin time, lowering whole blood middle/low shear viscosity, and plasma viscosity (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Two patients in the control group but none in the treatment group received hip joint replacement operation during the observation period. Chinese medicine ABDC therapy could effectively alleviate clinical symptoms and improve joint function of patients with SLE-ANFH. The mechanism may be related to its effects on improving high coagulation manner and trend for getting embolism.Keywords：systemic lupus erythematosus;femoral head ischemic necrosis;Chinese Medicine;activating blood and dredging collaterals
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate the plasma samples obtained from tumor patients using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and find the biochemical foundation of abnormal Savda described in traditional Uyghur medicine. A total of 170 tumor patients with abnormal Savda syndrome who were confirmed clinically were enrolled in this study, and 50 healthy volunteers were set up as controls. The plasma 1H NMR spectra were analyzed using the orthogonal projection to latent structure with discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) method with unit variance scaling. The discriminative significance of the metabolites was determined using the Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient. Compared with the healthy controls, the tumor patients with abnormal Savda syndrome had uniformly correlative low levels of leucine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, tyrosine, alanine, glutamine, creatine, inositol, α-glucose, and β-glucose (P<0.05), but had significantly high levels of formate, malonic acid, acetone, acetate, acetoacetate, pyruvate, β-hydroxy butyrate, carnitine and lipidtemns such as very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and unsaturated lipids (P<0.05). Tumor patients with abnormal Savda syndrome had similar metabolic changes and characteristics, which indicated a similar pathogenetic process and provides some biochemical basis for traditional Uyghur medicine theory.Keywords：tumor;abnormal Savda;traditional Uyghur medicine;metabonomics
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To study the protective effect of the Mixture of Shengmai Powder and Danshen Decoction (生脉散丹参饮合剂, abbreviated as the Mixture) in the rat model with type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy in the rat model with type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy, abbreviated as the Mixture) in the rat model with type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Forty-two SD rats with DCM model, established by the combination of insulin resistance by a high-fat diet with the damage of pancreatic islet β cells by intraperitoneal injection of high dose streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) once, were evaluated in the damage of the myocardium by electrocardiogram at the end of 12 weeks of grouping and intervention administration; the extent of damage in the myocardial subcellular structure was observed by electron microscopy; the content of myocardial collagen in the left cardiac ventricle was quantified by Masson staining test; the myocardial cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL; the changes in the mRNA expression levels of thrombospodin-1 (TSP-1) and tribbles homolog 3 (TRB-3) by real-time quantitative PCR, the expression levels of myocardial TSP-1, tumor growth factorβ1 (TGF-β1), TRB-3, and chymase were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the changes in the expression levels of myocardial TSP-1, active-TGF-β1 (A-TGF-β1) and latent-TGF-β1 (L-TGF-β1) protein were tested by Western blotting. Compared with the control group, the myocardial tissue was less damaged, and the extent of damage in the myocardial subcellular structure was less; the collagen fiber content and the cell apoptosis were reduced; the expression levels of TSP-1mRNA and TRB-3 mRNA, the expression levels of myocardial TSP-1, TGF-β1, TRB-3, and chymase, as well as the average expression levels of the myocardial TSP-1, A-TGFβ1, and L-TGF-β1 protein were decreased in the Mixture group. The Mixture of Shengmai Powder and Danshen Decoction could inhibit the process of myocardial fibrosis in the rat myocardium of DCM through multiple pathways and significantly delay the genesis and progress of DCM in hyperglycemic rats.Keywords：Mixture of Shengmai Powder and Danshen Decoction;diabetic cardiomyopathy;collagen fiber;apoptosis;thrombospodin-1;tumor growth factor β1;tribbles homolog 3;chymase
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To study the effect of anticolchicine cytotoxicity of Dan Gua-Fang (丹瓜方), a Chinesea Chinese), a Chinese herbal compound prescription on endothelial cells of vein (ECV304) cultivated in mediums of different glucose concentrations as well as the proliferation of those cells in the same conditions, in order to reveal the value of Dan Gua-Fang in preventing and treating endothelial damage caused by hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. The research was designed as three stages. The growing state and morphological changes were observed when ECV304 were cultivated in the culture mediums, which have different glucose concentrations with or without Dan Gua-Fang and at the same time with or without colchicine. (1) Dan Gua-Fang at all concentrations reduced the floating cell population of ECV304 cultivated in hyperglycemia mediums. (2) Dan Gua-Fang at all concentrations and hyperglycemia both had a function of promoting “pseudopod-like” structure formation in cultivated ECV304, but the function was not superimposed in mediums containing both hyperglycemia and Dan Gua-Fang. (3) Colchicine reduced and even vanished the “pseudopod-like” structure of the endotheliocyte apparently cultivated in mediums of hyperglycemia or with Dan Gua-Fang. The “pseudopod-like” structure of the endotheliocyte emerged quickly in Dan Gua-Fang groups after colchicine was removed, but it was not the case in hyperglycemia only without Dan Gua-Fang groups. (4) Dan Gua-Fang reduced the mortality of cells cultivated in mediums containing colchicine. The cell revived to its normal state fast after colchicine was removed. Dan Gua-Fang has the functions of promoting the formation of cytoskeleton and fighting against colchicine cytotoxicity.Keywords：Dan Gua-Fang;endothelial cell;colchicine;diabetes mellitus
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To observe the therapeutic effect of Yangxue Qingnao Granule (养血清脑颗粒, YXQNG) on cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and to investigate its impact on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the cholinergic system. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (2-VO). Thirty rats were randomly assigned to one of the five treatment groups in a 1:1:1:1:1 ratio: sham operation plus normal saline treatment, 2-VO plus normal saline treatment, 2-VO plus YXQNG at a dose of 2 g·kg−1·d−1 or 4 g·kg−1·d−1, or 2-VO plus rivastigmine 2 mg·kg−1·d−1. The Morris water maze test was used to assess the spatial memory retrieval. Apoptosis, total antioxide capacity (T-AOC), acetylcholine esterase (AchE) and choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) activities in the hippocampus and the cortex were investigated. In the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model, the 2-VO plus saline treatment resulted in impaired special learning as shown by the significantly prolonged escape latency and shorter swim time in the first quadrant as compared to the sham operation. The impairment was associated with apoptosis and significant decreases in T-AOC, AchE and ChAT activities in the hippocampus and the cortex. Treatment with YXQNG at either 2 g·kg−1·d−1 or 4 g·kg−1·d−1 dose, or rivastigmine resulted in significantly shorter escape latencies and longer swim time in the first quadrant. YXQNG at both doses, but not rivastigmine, had significant reduction in apoptosis, and significant increases in T-AOC and ChAT activity in both the hippocampus and the cortex. Unlike rivastigmine, neither dose of YXQNG showed significant reduction in AchE activity. YXQNG ameliorated cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. The protective effect may be mediated through its regulation of apoptosis and activities of T-AOC and ChAT in the hippocampus and cortex of the rats in the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model, a mechanism that is different from rivastigmine.Keywords：Yangxue Qingnao granule;chronic cerebral hypoperfusion;apoptosis;total antioxide capacity;acetylcholine esterase;choline acetyl transferase
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate the effect of dexamethasone (Dx) combined with modified Dachengqi Decoction (大承气汤,DCQD), a Chinese herbal decoction for purgation, on patients with severe acute on patients with severe acute, a Chinese herbal decoction for purgation, on patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) accompanied with systematic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A total of 81 patients diagnosed as SAP were randomly assigned to a control group or treatment group according to a random number table generated from an SPSS software. The patients in the control group (38 cases) received standard treatment and Chinese herbal decoction for purgation; those in the treatment group (43 cases) received additional 1 mg/(kg·d) dexamethasone (Dx) treatment for three days based on the above treatment. The mortality rate, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), renal failure, hemorrhage, sepsis, pancreatic pseudocyst, pancreatic abscess, operability, and days of hospitalization were compared between the two groups. Three patients in the control group and eight patients in the treatment group dropped out from the study with a drop-out rate of 7.8% and 18.6%, respectively, and no statistics difference was shown between the two groups (P>0.05). Dx treatment significantly reduced ARDS rate and shortened the length of hospitalization compared to those in the control group (7/35, 20.0% versus 15/35, 42.9%, P=0.0394; 32.5±13.2 days versus 40.2±17.5 days, P=0.0344). Other parameters including the mortality rate were not significant different between the two groups. Dx combined with DCQD could decrease the risk of developing ARDS in SAP patients with SIRS and shorten their length of hospitalization.Keywords：severe acute pancreatitis;systematic inflammatory response syndrome;acute respiratory distress syndrome;dexamethasone;Dachengqi decoction
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To explore the dose-effect relationship of Astragalus granule (AG) on improving the quality of life (QOL) of the patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Ninety CHF patients of Fei (肺)-qi-deficiency and/or Xin (心)-Shen (肾) yang-deficiency syndromes were equally randomized divided with a random number table into three groups; they received the high (7.5 g), moderate (4.5 g), and low dosage (2.25 g) of AG orally taken twice a day, respectively, and 4 mg of perindopril tablet once a day for 30 successive days. The heart function grade, patients’ left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and walking distance in 6 min (6mWD) were measured before and after treatment, and the patients’ QOL was scored by the Minnesota Questionnaire for QOL evaluation in the patients with CHF at the same time. The heart function grades of all the three groups after treatment were improved compared with those before treatment, but the improvements in high-dose group and moderate dose group were better than that in the low dose group (P<0.05). LVEFs were increased significantly in all the three groups, but the improvements in the high-dose group (59.42%±7.50%) and moderate dose group (61.98%±6.82%) were better than that in the low dose group (51.45%±6.80%, P<0.01); the 6mWDs in the all groups were also significantly increased (P<0.01), up to 419.80±36.23 m, 387.15±34.13 m, and 317.69±39.97 m, respectively; and Minnesota scores in them were lowered to 29.59±4.69 scores, 35.74±5.89 scores, and 42.78±6.06 scores, respectively; comparisons in aspects on 6mWD and Minnesota score showed that the effectiveness with high dose is the most effective, moderate dose as the second, and low dose as the lowest (P<0.01). AG was sufficient to display an optimal effect on improving heart contraction at the moderate dose. In aspects of improving the QOL of CHF patients, the effectiveness of AG showed a dose-dependent trend. It should be applied discriminatively depending on the actual condition of patients and the aim of treatment in clinic.Keywords：Astragalus;heat failure;heart function;quality of life;dose-effect relationship
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To analyze and investigate the rules for drug utilization of Chinese medicine for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris with blood-heat syndrome. The literatures that met the following inclusion criteria were screened out from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1998 to December 2008, including the compositions and dosages of the recipes reported completely and accurately, the sample size being ⩾ 30 cases and the total effective rate being ⩾ 70%. In total, 289 papers meeting the inclusion criteria were retrieved, involving 301 recipes; in which 111 recipes consisting of 145 individual drugs were the function for clearing the heat, accounting for 52.84%. The three drugs with the highest utilized frequency were Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi and Cortex Moutan. Meridian adscription of the drugs was mainly the Gan (肝)-meridian. There were rules for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris of blood-heat syndrome with Chinese medicine prescriptions.Keywords：psoriasis vulgaris;blood-heat syndrome;rule for drug utilization;Chinese Medicine
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Published：2021-08-27
OriginalPaper
- Abstract：This article presents the potential integration of psychotherapy and massage when considering the essence of their beneficial effects. The essence of this model of practice is multifaceted, combining principles from anatomy, physiology and neuroscience with psychotherapy to benefit patient care. It has been advocated that possessing multidisciplinary knowledge from these areas of science enhances psychotherapists’ holistic care of their depressive patients. A narrative review of the literatures and a qualitative, conceptual synthesis has been performed to create a new theoretical-pragmatic construct. This article introduces the concept of massage practice as a part of psychotherapy practice and presents the potential integration of psychotherapeutic knowledge with clinical decision-making and the management of depressive symptoms. The authors emphasize the usefulness of multi- and interdisciplinary knowledge in the psychotherapeutic process and explain how this knowledge might be extrapolated and incorporated into theoretical and practical settings to benefit depressive patients. The justification for this concept is also presented. The principles set out in this article may be a useful source of information for psychotherapists concerned about their patients’ holistic well-being in addition to the psychopathology for which they have sought treatment. Researchers and psychotherapists can obtain valuable and additional knowledge through cross-fertilization of ideas across the arguments presented here.Keywords：depression;psychotherapy;massage therapy;integrative approach;conjoint approach
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Published：2021-08-27
ReviewPaper
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