Latest Issue
2012 Year 18 Vol. 11 Issue
- Abstract：The research and development (R&D) process of Chinese medicine, with one notable feature, clinical application based, is significantly different from which of chemical and biological medicine, from laboratory research to clinics. Besides, compound prescription is another character. Therefore, according to different R&D theories between Chinese and Western medicine, we put forward a new strategy in drug design of Chinese medicine, which focuses on “combination-activity relationship (CAR)”, taking prescription discovery, component identification and formula optimization as three key points to identify the drugs of high efficacy and low toxicity. The method of drug design of Chinese medicine includes: new prescription discovery based on clinical data and literature information, component identification based on computing and experimental research, as well as formula optimization based on system modeling. This paper puts forward the concept, research framework and techniques of drug design of Chinese medicine, which embodies the R&D model of Chinese medicine, hoping to support the drug design of Chinese medicine theoretically and technologically.Keywords：drug design of Chinese medicine;combination-activity relationship;prescription discovery;component identification;formula optimization;system modeling
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To evaluate the clinical effects of Chinese medicine (CM) on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with a prospective cohort study. A total of 334 AMI patients from January 2007 to March 2009 were consecutively enrolled, and were assigned to a treatment group (169 cases) treated with combined therapy (CM for at least one month and Western medicine) and a control group (165 cases) with Western medicine alone. Clinical data including age, gender, smoking, medical history, infarction area, heart functional classification, CM syndrome scores, blood-stasis syndrome score, primary end-point (death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and revascularization) and secondary end-point (ischemic stroke, rehospitalization due to angina, heart failure and shock), were collected. CM syndrome scores, blood-stasis syndrome score, primary end-point and secondary end-point were collected during the 6-month follow-up. Kaplan-Meier method was used for the survival analysis. The multifactor analysis was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression. At the end of 6-month the CM syndrome score and bloodstasis syndrome score in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01), especially the symptoms of chest pain, spontaneous perspiration and insomnia. Rehospitalization rate due to angina during the 6-month follow-up in the treatment group (2.96%) was lower than that in the control group (7.88%, P<0.05). Kaplan- Meier survival curve showed that event-free cumulated survival of rehospitalization due to angina during the 6-month follow-up in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (Log rank 4.700, P=0.03). Cox regression analysis showed that heart dysfunction [hazard ratio (HR)=1.601, 95% CI=1.084–2.364, P=0.018] and diabetes mellitus (HR=1.755, 95% CI=1.031–2.989, P=0.038) were hazard factors to end-point, whereas CM (HR 0.405, 95% CI=0.231–0.712, P=0.002), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, HR=0.352, 95% CI=0.204–0.607, P<0.001) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (HR=0.541, 95% CI=0.313–0.936, P=0.028) were protective factors. CM therapy could decrease CM syndrome scores and blood-stasis syndrome score, reduce the rehospitalization rate during 6-month follow-up due to angina. Heart dysfunction and diabetes mellitus were hazard factors to end-point, whereas CM, PCI and ACE inhibitors were protective factors.Keywords：acute myocardial infarction;Chinese Medicine;survival analysis;cohort study
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of β-elemene Injection as an adjunctive treatment for lung cancer by systematic review. We retrieved randomized controlled clinical trials related to the use of β-elemene Injection as an adjunctive treatment for lung cancer from Chinese Biomedical (CBMweb), Chinese Medical Current Content (CMCC), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), ChinaInfo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID and TCMLARS. We also referred to an unpublished conference proceeding titled Clinical Use and Basic: Elemene Injection. We then divided the studies into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) subgroups by RevMan 5.1 software. A total of 21 source documents (1,467 patients) matched pre-specified criteria for determining the effectiveness and safety of β-elemene Injection as an adjunctive treatment for lung cancer. Five studies involving 285 NSCLC patients reported a higher 24-month survival rate (39.09%) with the adjunctive treatment than with chemotherapy alone (26.17%; RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.21). Four studies involving 445 patients reported that the increased probability for improved performance status for patients treated with elemene-based combinations was higher than that of patients treated with chemotherapy alone (RR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.45 to 2.29). The results from a subgroup analysis on 12 studies involving 974 NSCLC patients and 9 studies involving 593 patients with both SCLC and NSCLC showed that the tumor control rate for NSCLC improved more in the elemene-based combinations treatment group (78.70%) than in the chemotherapy alone control group (71.31%; RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.12). The tumor response rate for NSCLC also improved more among patients treated with elemenebased combinations (50.71%) than among patients treated with chemotherapy alone (38.04%; RR, 1.34; 95%CI, 1.17 to 1.54). In addition, the main adverse reaction to β-elemene Injection was phlebitis, but usually only to a mild degree. An Egger’s test showed no publication bias in our study (P=0.7030). The effectiveness of chemotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer may improve when combined with β-elemene injection as an adjunctive treatment. The combined treatment can result in an improved quality of life and prolonged survival. However, these results require confirmation by rigorously controlled trials.Keywords：β-elemene injection;lung cancer;systematic review
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Qianliening Capsule (前列宁胶囊, QC) treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Human prostate stromal cell line WPMY-1 was treated with 0, 1, 3 and 5 mg/mL of QC for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, in the presence of 10 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The viability of WPMY-1 cells was determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell morphology was observed by phase-contrast microscopy. 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis with Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining were performed to determine cell apoptosis. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was examined by FACS analysis with 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyarine iodide (JC-1) staining. Activation of caspase-3 and -9 was evaluated by colorimetric assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Upon bFGF stimulation, the viability of WPMY-1 cells was increased to 122%–118% compared with the control cells (P <0.05). However, treatment with 1–5 mg/mL of QC for 24, 48 and 72 h decreased the viability of bFGF-stimulated cells to 80%–92%, 59%–82%, 36%–62% compared with the untreated cells (P <0.05). In addition, QC treatment reduced WPMY-1 cell density in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, QC treatment dose-dependently induced the loss of plasma membrane asymmetry, the nuclear condensation and fragmentation, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and increase of pro-apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Promoting mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis of prostate stromal cells might be one of the mechanisms by which QC treats BPH.Keywords：Qianliening Capsule;Chinese Medicine;benign prostatic hyperplasia;apoptosis;WPMY-1 cells
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To study the changes of pharmacokinetics of 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin in a rat model of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced experimental hepatic injury after oral administration of Yinchenhao Decoction (茵陈蒿汤, YCHD) using an ultra pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC) method. Rats were divided into a normal group and a model group, after modeled by 4% ANIT (75 mg/kg) for 48 h, they were orally administrated with YCHD extract at the dose of 0.324 g/kg, and then blood was collected from their orbital sinus after different intervals. Changes in liver function were monitored by the levels of liver enzymes [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] and bilirubins [total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL)], the concentration of 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin in plasma were measured by UPLC, and the pharmaceutical parameters were calculated with DAS2.1.1 software. The concentration-time curve of both normal and modeled rats after oral administration of YCHD was obtained. Their time to maximum plasma concentration (tmax) were both 0.25 h, the maximum concentration (Cmax) were 4.533 μg/mL and 6.885 μg/mL, and their area under concentration-time curve (AUC)0→24h were 16.272 and 32.981, respectively. There was a 51.88% and 100.46% increase in Cmax and AUC0-t (P<0.05), but there showed a 45.52% and 92.93% reduction in clearance of drug and volum of distribution (P<0.05), respectively. Hepatic injury could significantly influence the pharmacokinetics of 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin after oral administration of YCHD, the absorption and distribution process was accelerated in liver injured rats, but the metabolism and elimination process was slowed. And this may lead to a significant accumulation of 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin in the body.Keywords：hepatic injury;6,7-dimethoxycoumarin;Yinchenhao Decoction;pharmacokinetics;ultra pressure liquid chromatography
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate the protective effects of sodium tanshinone B (STB) on brain damage following focal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury through interfering with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) and excitatory and inhibitory amino acids, and evaluate the potential mechanisms of the neuroprotective activity of STB. Transient forebrain ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The rats were randomized into a sham operated group, a model group (I/R) and three STB different dose groups. Rats were pretreated with STB at the doses of 4, 8, 16 mg/kg (STB1, STB2, STB3) for 3 days before MCAO. The expression of NMDAR1 was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The concentrations of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. STB treatment reduced neurological defect scores, cerebral infarction volume and brain water content. The levels of NMDAR1 were significantly higher in the l/R and STB1 groups than that of the sham and the STB3 groups (P<0.01). Optical density of NMDAR1 was significantly increased in cornu ammonis (CA)1 region of the l/R group (P<0.05). STB treatment reduced NMDAR1 optical density in the CA1 region (P<0.01). The levels of glutamate were significantly lower in the hippocampus in the STB3 group than that of the l/R, STB1 and STB2 groups (P<0.01). Preconditioning with STB appears to be a simple and promising strategy to reduce or even prevent cerebral l/R injury and has potential for future clinical application.Keywords：ischemia/reperfusion injury;N-methyl-D-Aspartic acid receptor;hippocampus;Ca2+;sodium tanshinone
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate the effects of Er’zhi Tiangui Granule (二至天癸颗粒, ETG) on sequential expressions of integrinβ3 and its ligand osteopontin in the mouse endometrium during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and implantation period. Seventy-five Mature female Kunming mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, a normal control group, a model group, and a treatment group administrated with ETG for 10 days, 25 in each group. After mated with male mice, every 5 mice were sacrified in each group at the 0, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th days to take their endometrium. In-situ hybridization was used to detect the expressions of integrinβ3 and osteopontin in the endometrium. mRNA expressions of integrinβ3 and osteopontin in the endometrium during implantation period showed similar time sequence rules in the treatment group to those in the normal control group; the peak values of them were a little lower in the treatment group than the normal control without significant differences. In the model group, integrinβ3 mRNA expression was higher at the 2nd day, obviously lower at the 4th and 6th days, and insignificantly lower at the 8th day; and osteopontin expression was remarkably lower at the 4th, 6th, and 8th days, compared with the normal control and the treatment groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). COH might influence the sequential expressions of integrinβ3 and its ligand osteopontin, bring forward the integrinβ3 expression peak, impact on the cooperation of integrinβ3 and osteopontin, so as to damage the endometrial receptivity. ETG could regulate the sequential expressions of integrinβ3 and its ligand osteopontin to improve the mouse endometrial receptivity during COH.Keywords：Kidney-tonifying;Er’zhi Tiangui Granule;controlled ovarian hyperstimulation;endometrial receptivity;integrinβ3;osteopontin;mouse
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Syndrome differentiation is the character of Chinese medicine (CM). Disease differentiation is the principle of Western medicine (WM). Identifying basic syndromes feature and structure of disease of WM is an important avenue for prevention and treatment of integrated Chinese and Western medicine. The idea here is first to divide all patients suffering from a disease of WM into several groups in the light of the stage of the disease, and secondly to identify basic syndromes feature in a distinct stage, and finally to achieve the purpose of syndrome differentiation. Syndrome differentiation is simply taken as a classifier that classifies patients into distinct classes primarily based on overall observation of their symptoms. Previous clustering methods are unable to cope with the complexity of CM. We therefore show a new multi-dimensional clustering method in the form of general latent structure (GLS) model, which is a suitable statistical learning technique of latent class analysis. In this paper, we learn an optimal GLS model which reflects much better model quality compared with other latent class models from the osteoporosis patient of community women (OPCW) real data including 40-65 year-old women whose bone mineral density (BMD) is less than mean-2.0 standard deviation (M-2.0SD). Further, we illustrate a case analysis of statistical identification of CM syndromes feature and structure of OPCW from qualitative and quantitative contents through the GLS model. Our analysis has discovered natural clusters and structures that correspond well to CM basic syndrome and factors of osteoporosis patients (OP). The GLS model suggests the possibility of establishing objective and quantitative diagnosis standards for syndrome differentiation on OPCW. Hence, for the future it can provide a reference for the similar study from the perspective of a combination of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation.Keywords：latent structure analysis;general latent structure model;multi-dimensional cluster;Bayesian
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To summarize the effectiveness of Chinese and Western integrative medicine in treating medium and advanced lung cancer, and to provide guidelines for clinical application. For this metaanalysis, a comparative search of Chinese medicine data in Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM) was undertaken to identify articles related to randomized comparative research of Chinese and Western integrative medicine in treating medium and advanced lung cancer between 1996 to 2006. Quality of life (QOL) was estimated using RevMan 4.2 software for data processing, adopting the odd ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI). Through meta-analysis of 10 qualified articles, the results were as follows: the merging effectiveness of QOL [OR=3.80, 95% CI (2.65, 5.47)]; the rate of survival [OR=3.44, 95% CI (2.04, 5.80)]; the tumor response rate [OR=1.88, 95% CI (1.37, 2.58)]; the tumor developing rate [OR=0.33, 95% CI (0.23, 0.48)]. Significant differences existed between the Chinese and Western integrative medicine treatment group and the Western treatment group (P<0.01). Chinese and Western integrative medicine treatment of medium and advanced lung cancer has shown to improve patients’ QOL and survival rate; it also can control tumor development in the short term.Keywords：lung neoplasms;Chinese and western integrative medicine;meta-analysis
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Published：2021-08-27
OriginalPaper
- Abstract：A number of herbs belonging to the genus Jatropha of Euphorbiaceae family are noted for their medicinal benefits. The genus Jatropha is one of the prospective biodiesel yielding crops. The plants which have been so far explored include J. curcas, J. gossypifolia, J. glandulifera, J. multifida and J. podagrica. Although, the plants of this genus are widely distributed, there is an exiguity of scientific literature proclaiming the medicinal benefits of the plants belonging to genus Jatropha. The present paper is a pragmatic approach to accrue the findings on this very significant genus.Keywords：Jatropha;Euphorbiaceae;pharmacological activity
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Published：2021-08-27
ReviewPaper
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