Latest Issue
2013 Year 19 Vol. 11 Issue
- Abstract：Although many agents for acute ischemic stroke treatment have been developed from extensive preclinical studies, most have failed in clinical trials. As a result, researchers are seeking other methods or agents based on previous studies. Among the various prospective approaches, vascular protection might be the key for development of therapeutic agents for stroke and for improvements in the efficacy and safety of conventional therapies. Traditional medicines in Asian countries are based on clinical experiences and literature accumulated over thousands of years. To date, many studies have used traditional herbal medicines to prove or develop new agents based on stroke treatments mentioned in traditional medicinal theory or other clinical data. In the current review, we describe the vascular factors related to ischemic brain damage and the herbal medicines that impact these factors, including Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Notoginseng Radix, and Curcumae Rhizoma, based on scientific reports and traditional medical theory. Further, we point out the problems associated with herbal medicines in stroke research and propose better methodologies to address these problems.Keywords：Traditional Medicine;vascular protection;ischemic stroke;Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix;Notoginseng Radix;Curcumae Rhizoma
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Based on the pathophysiology of the brain, advance in angiogenesis induced by stroke, and evidences of Chinese-medicine-mediated angiogenesis, the possibility to study the stroke-treating mechanism of Chinese medicine in angiogenesis was discussed. And regarding our previous work on angiogenesis modulated by qi-tonifying and stasis-eliminating therapy following intracerebral hemorrhage, we proposed some questions, which should be taken into account in the further work.Keywords：stroke;Chinese Medicine;angiogenesis
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To compare the clinical effect of Chinese medicine (CM) and Western medicine (WM) for controlling the recurrence of pelvic endometriosis after a conservative operation. The study was a multi-center, randomized, parallel controlled and prospective clinical trial. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: CM group (106 cases) and WM group (102 cases). Drugs were given to patients during 1–5 days of the first menstruation after a conservative operation in both groups. Patients with stages I and II (revised American Fertility Society) were treated for 3 months, while the patients with stages III and IV were treated for 6 months. The patients in the CM group were treated using three types of Chinese herbal medicine based on syndrome differentiation. Patients in the WM group were treated using gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) or gestrinone. Patients treated with GnRH-a received add-back therapy of Tibolone Tablets once a day after 4 months of treatment. Any cases of dysmenorrheal chronic pelvic pain, menstruation and any adverse reactions of patients were recorded once a month during the preoperative and postoperative periods and once every 3 months during the follow-up period. During the preoperative, postoperative and the follow-up periods, patients underwent type B ultrasonography of the pelvis and measurements of serum CA125 levels, gynecologic examination, routine evaluations of blood, urine, hepatic function (glutamate pyruvate transaminase), renal function (blood urea nitrogen) and electrocardiograms. During the follow-up period they underwent type B pelvic ultrasonography, measurement of serum CA125 levels and further gynecologic examinations. The two treatments were compared for clinical recurrence rates, pregnancy rates and the incidence of adverse reactions. The incidence and timing of recurrence of endometriosis were not significantly different between the two groups. The first pregnancy achieved by the patient in the CM group was significantly earlier than that in the WM group (P <0.05). Moreover, the incidence of adverse reactions in the WM group was significantly higher than in the CM group (P <0.01). Treatment with Chinese herbal medicines prevented the recurrence of endometriosis after a conservative operation, improved the conception rate and showed fewer and lighter adverse reactions than did treatment with WM therapy. Treatment with Chinese herbal medicine meets the need of patients wishing to have a child following endometriosis and is an appropriate form of clinical treatment.Keywords：endometriosis;Infertility;fertilization in vitro;embryo transfer;recurrence rate;pregnancy rate
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To explore the pathological mechanisms of Guizhi Decoction (桂枝汤) syndrome and the therapeutic molecular mechanisms of the Guizhi Decoction, Mahuang Decoction (麻黄汤), Sangju Decoction (桑菊 饮) and Yinqiao Powder (银翘散), as well as the potentially biological basis that Guizhi Decoction is most effective only for the patients with Guizhi Decoction syndrome in clinical practice. We first got serum samples from the patients suffering from both upper respiratory tract infection and Guizhi Decoction syndrome identified by the doctors of Chinese medicine (CM) in the clinic. Four formulas with therapeutic actions of pungent warmth or pungent coolness for superficial syndromes were chosen and four kinds of rat serum samples each containing one of the above-mentioned herbal formulas were collected, then the effects of Guizhi Decoction syndromes’ patient serum as well as the effects of sera containing the formulas after being stimulated by the patient serum samples on both the mRNA expression of certain toll-like receptor (TLR) subtypes and the release of some inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells were tested and analyzed in vitro. The expression of TLR-3, TLR-4 and TLR-9 mRNA among the 9 tested TLR subforms were up-regulated in the macrophages stimulated by the sera from untreated upper respiratory infection patients with the Guizhi Decoction syndrome (symptomcomplex). The products such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-β from stimulated macrophages through TLR signaling pathways were also increased correspondingly. Interestingly, the changes induced by the Guizhi Decoction syndrome patients’ sera were masked significantly after the macrophages were incubated with the sera from donors treated with Guizhi Decoction. Similarly, the three other exterior-releasing formulas were all effective in reversing the up-regulated changes of certain TLR subforms to different degrees, but both the number of targeted TLRs and efficacy of them seemed to be inferior to that of Guizhi Decoction. Evidence from these experiments might contribute to the scientific explanation of both the pharmacological mechanisms of Guizhi Decoction and also the CM theory that Guizhi Decoction is specifically prescribed for the treatment of Guizhi Decoction syndrome (The gearing formula to the symptom-complex).Keywords：Chinese Medicine;Guizhi Decoction;Toll-like receptor;formula;symptom-complex
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To observe the effect of Safflor Yellow (SY) Injection on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Seventy-two mice were divided into six groups: control (saline + saline); LPS (LPS + saline); SY Injection [LPS + SY (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg, intravenously)] and anisodamine (AD) (LPS + AD). Thirty minutes after SY or AD administration, 15 mg/kg LPS was given intraperitoneally. All animals were sacrificed 4 h after LPS injection. Arterial blood gas and lung water content index (LWCI) were measured. Lung tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was assayed. mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was assayed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Lung morphological and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65-positive cell changes were observed by HE and immunohistochemical staining. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation was observed by Western blotting. After LPS administration, all animals displayed increased arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) and decreased arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SO2), HCO3 − concentration and pH, and increased LWCI, MPO activity, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression, NF-κB p65-positive staining and p38 MAPK activation compared with normal controls (all P<0.01). SY Injection significantly mitigated the LPS-induced increase in arterial PaCO and the decreases in arterial PaO2, SO2 and pH, and attenuated increases in LWCI and lung tissue MPO activity (all P<0.01). Moreover, SY Injection inhibited the increases in NF-κB p65 staining and in TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression (all P<0.01), and promoted the expression of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 (P<0.05) following LPS injection. LPS-induced pulmonary p38 MAPK phosphorylation was suppressed by pretreatment with SY Injection (P<0.01). SY Injection ameliorates inflammatory ALI induced by LPS in mice.Keywords：Safflor Yellow Injection;lipopolysaccharide;lung;inflammation
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate the preventive effects and possible underlying mechanism of different extracts of Kanggushu (抗骨疏) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. One hundred and sixtyfive female SD rats were divided into 11 groups: control, sham, model, Xianling Gubao Capsule (仙灵骨葆胶囊), nilestriol, Kanggushu aqueous extract high-, medium-, and low-dose and suet extract high-, medium-, and low-dose groups. The osteoporosis model was made by ovariectomizing the rats. The latter 8 groups were administered intragastricly with Xianling Gubao Capsule, nilestriol, Kanggushu aqueous extract and suet extract for 12 weeks, respectively, while the other 3 groups were administered orally saline. The whole body bone mineral density, bone mineral content, organ coefficient of uterus, serum estradiol and alkaline phosphatase contents, blood calcium, phosphorus, interleukin 6 and bone Gla-protein levels after treatment were monitored. Additionally, three-point bending test of femur, HE staining, and scanning electron microscope were performed to explore the pharmacodynamics and underlying mechanisms. In comparison with ovariectomized rats of model group, Kanggushu aqueous extract high-dose resulted in an increased bone mineral density, bone mineral content and organ coefficient of uterus, improved estradiol level, and improved maximum load and structural stiffness (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Two-dimensional and three-dimensional trabecular structure was also observed under HE staining and scanning electron microscopy, and the number and thickness of trabecular bone in Kanggushu aqueous extract high-dose group was significantly increased compared to the model group, while the lipid droplets in bone marrow cavity were significantly less. However, there were no significant differences in blood calcium, total serum alkaline phosphatase and bone Gla protein among different treatment groups. Overall, the osteoprotective effects of Kanggushu aqueous extract were comparable to those of nilestriol and were significantly more effective than those of Xianling Gubao Capsule. The preventive effects of Kanggushu aqueous extract might be partly due to the increased estradiol level, accelerated restoration of bone trabecular reticulate structure, and accordingly increased bone mineral density in osteoporosis rats.Keywords：Kanggushu extract;Xianling Gubao Capsule;Osteoporosis;estrogen;mechanism
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To study the acupoint specificity through the comprehensive evaluation of the acupuncture effect on rat model with the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Duplicated MCAO model by Zea-longa’s thread ligation was assessed by Zausinger’s six-point method, and rats with 1–3 scores were chosen to be grouped. According to the randomized and controlled principle, rats were divided into 6 basic control groups (including normal group, sham group, model control group, model group without intervention, Nimodipine group, lateral-to-Renzhong group) and 6 acupuncture groups [including Neiguan (PC6) group, Weizhong (BL40) group, Chize (LU5) group, Sanyinjiao (SP6) group, Renzhong (DU6) group and non-acupoint group]; in each acupoint or non-acupoint 9 different parameter combinations were respectively set by orthogonal intersection method. There were in total 60 groups, and each group had 12 rats. The rats were treated by acupuncture with the lifting-thrusting manipulation every 12 h, in total 6 times. Indices of neurobehavioral scores, cerebral blood flow, infarction rate, microcirculation, and light microscope, etc. were measured. In order to comprehensively evaluate the acupuncture effect to research the specificity of acupoint, a cluster analysis was made with SPSS17.0 for the comprehensive effect scores of the samples computed according to the comprehensive evaluation models, and then sorting and classification were made for the comprehensive effect scores. In the acupuncture groups every acupoint had different therapeutic effect due to different acupuncture parameter combinations; among the acupuncture groups the orders of curative effect were as followings: Neiguan group was of exceptional result, Weizhong group and Sanyinjiao group were of valid results in upper level, Chize group and Renzhong group were of valid results in lower level, and non-acupoint group was of invalid result; the therapeutic result of acupoint group was superior to non-acupoint group; and the curative effect of acupuncture group was also superior to basic control group. The acupoint has the specificity of acupuncture effect, and the acupoint specificity is relative.Keywords：model rats of middle cerebral artery occlusion;acupuncture effect;comprehensive evaluation;acupoint specificity;cluster analysis
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Published：2021-08-27 - Keywords：Orthostatic Hypotension;Irbesartan;American Ginseng;Supine Hypertension;Supine Diastolic Blood Pressure
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To review the herbal drugs most often used throughout history for the treatment of osteoporosis; to study their property, flavor and meridian attribution; and to explore their compatibility. The “Chinese Medical Classics” (upgrade) CD-ROM was used to retrieve historical prescriptions for the treatment of osteoporosis, and these were collected and sorted. Property, flavor and meridian attribution were determined, and the rules of herbal administration were determined by cluster analysis. A total of 389 prescriptions were found, involving 238 herbal drugs, with a total frequency of appearance of 4,236. Commonly used medications were Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Radix Rehmanniae praeparata, Cortex Cinnamomi, Cortex Eucommiae, Poria, Herba Cistanches, Radix Aconiti lateralis and Radix Angelicae sinensis. The herbs used included five kinds of properties, appearing a total of 2,499 times; the two most common ones were warm and plain. There were seven different drug flavors, occurring 4,151 times; sweet and bitter were the two most common ones. Eight meridian attributions were identified, appearing a total of 6,374 times; Kidney (Shen)-meridian and Liver (Gan)-meridian were the two most common ones. The most common functional categories were yang-tonifying medicinal and blood-tonifying medicinal, and together these accounted for 37.8% of the total. The twenty-eight most commonly used herbal drugs formed 3 prescription clusters: C1: Cortex Eucommiae, Poria, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae; C2: Cortex Eucommiae, Poria, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Cortex Cinnamomi, Radix Rehmanniae praeparata, Herba Cistanches, Radix Angelicae sinensis, Radix Aconiti lateralis, Semen Cuscutae; C3: Os Tigris, Rhizoma Atractylodes Alba, Radix Moromdae Officinalis, Radix Angelicae pubescentis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Herba Dendrobii, Rhizoma Alismatis, Fructus Corni, Radix Saposhnikoviae. Deficiency is the primary pathogenetic factor in osteoporosis, along with “stagnation” and lack of flow of water or blood. Clinical treatment of osteoporosis should be based on Kidney, Liver and Spleen (Pi) supplementation, and complemented by diuresis and dissolution of stasis, while paying attention to adjustment of the spirit.Keywords：ancient times;Osteoporosis;cluster analysis;treatment principles
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：The Q method, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, refers to the qualitative analysis of Q-sorts based on quantitative techniques. It is used to research individual subjective experience, analyzing consensus and divergence to identify and categorize subjects’ viewpoints. The sorting process is completely performed by the subjects, independent of study researchers. The Q method in medical research has been applied in many fields, including nursing care, clinical studies, doctor and patient’s perceptions, health evaluation and decision making. The authors used the Q method to research Chinese medicine (CM) group decision making, exploring its practical feasibility in this important field. Four primary domains are addressed: (1) integration of expert opinion; (2) expert classification; (3) ascertaining the entire viewpoint orientation of a certain type of expert; and (4) comparison of expert opinion using an additional perspective. The essence of the Q method caters to the CM thinking model and should be introduced into CM and explored more deeply.Keywords：Q method;famous veteran doctors of Chinese medicine;expert experience
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Published：2021-08-27
OriginalPaper
- Abstract：Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) manifests as an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Cytokine imbalance is suggested to play critical roles in the development of RA. Currently, various treatments for RA, including biological agents such as antibodies against inflammation mediators, or Chinese herbal medicines, intervene the disease by restoring the balance of cytokines. Chinese medicine (CM) can not only suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but also induce the expression of cytokines with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Thus, Chinese medicine can effectively reduce inflammatory cell infiltration into synovial tissue, pannus formation, and degradation of the extracellular matrix surrounding cartilage cells, thereby reducing subchondral bone damage. This paper reviews the changes of cytokine profiling during development of RA and discuss the mechanisms by which Chinese medicine restores the cytokine balance.Keywords：rheumatoid arthritis;cytokine imbalance;Chinese Medicine
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Published：2021-08-27
ReviewPaper
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