Latest Issue
2015 Year 21 Vol. 3 Issue
- Keywords：Traditional Chinese Medicine;Western Medicine;Integrative Medicine;Delphi Survey;Consensus Base
- 2146
- |
- 109
- |
- 3
Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and acupuncture has been gradually accepted by the mainstream society since the 1970s and has been rapidly expanding, accompanying the tide of Chinese immigration since the 1980s. Acupuncture legislation has been approved by the governments of 5 provinces in Canada between 1988 and 2014. After the acceptance of self-regulation, 5 corresponding colleges were established, one after another. The code of ethics and professional practice standard were developed by the Colleges. British Columbia (BC) became the first Canadian province to offer acupuncture treatments as a supplementary benefit for its Medical Services Plan premium assistance recipients beginning in 2008. The 5 colleges united to form the Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists (CARBTCMPA) in the same year. The Entry-level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of TCM in Canada were developed by CARB-TCMPA in 2010. The Pan-Canadian registration examinations for acupuncturists, herbalists and TCM practitioners have been administered and scheduled since 2013. The Entry-level Occupational Competencies for Doctors of TCM were developed by College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists of British Columbia (CTCMA-BC) in 2014. It sketches the blueprint for future development of the TCM profession in Canada.Keywords：Traditional Chinese Medicine;acupuncture;legislation;regulation
- 910
- |
- 96
- |
- 4
Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：The history of education and legislation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and acupuncture in Canada is short. The first school of TCM opened its door to the general public in Canada in 1985 and the first legislation of acupuncture was introduced in Alberta, Canada in 1988. Currently, TCM and/or acupuncture have been regulated in five provinces in Canada. The legislation and regulation, as well as education of TCM and acupuncture vary among the five provinces in Canada. Opportunities and challenges facing TCM education exist simultaneously. Strategies are proposed to develop an international standard for TCM education in Canada, and possibly in other English speaking countries as well.Keywords：Canada;Traditional Chinese Medicine;acupuncture;education;regulation
- 819
- |
- 93
- |
- 4
Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To determine the optimum treatment for viral myocarditis (VMC). A total of 126 VMC patients were randomly divided into the control group (42 cases) that was treated with conventional Western medicine, and the intervention group (84 cases) that was treated with a combination of Chinese medicine (CM) and Western medicine intervention termed optimum proposal of integration of disease and syndrome (OPIDS). Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, the integral of CM syndrome, self-rating depression and anxiety scales (SDS and SAS, respectively), echocardiograms (ECGs), heart rate variability and left ventricular systolic function were observed. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant reductions on the SDS and SAS (P <0.05); improvement of premature ventricular beats, atrioventricular blocks, ST-segment abnormalities, and significant T wave changes (P <0.05); greater reductions in standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), standard deviation for per 5 min averages NN intervals (SDANN), and root-mean-square of successive difference of NN intervals (rMSSD) (P <0.05); and increases in cardiac output, stroke volume, and ejection fraction, the last of which was statistically significant (P <0.05). Overall, the treatment efficacy rate was significantly better P<0.05) in the intervention group (75.61%) compared with the control group (69.70%). OPIDS is quite effective in treating VMC and improves symptoms such as anxiety and depression, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, premature ventricular contraction, and cardiac autonomic nervous system dysfunction. [Registration: Chinese clinical trial center (No. ChiCTR-TRC-00000298)]Keywords：Viral Myocarditis;Chinese Medicine;randomized clinical trial
- 666
- |
- 95
- |
- 1
Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To explore the distribution characteristics of Chinese medicine (CM) syndromes and the rule of dynamic evolvement in patients with colorectal cancer at the perioperative period by applying a mathematical statistics methodology. By using the overall sample date, and cross-sectional descriptive and prospective researching methods, the clinical data of CM symptoms of patients with colorectal cancer from the first day of preoperative care to the third, seventh, and tenth days after the operation were collected. The distribution characteristics of CM syndromes and dynamic evolution were concluded upon by experts, and then by building up a database through the use of EpiData3.1 the frequency statistics and cluster analyses were applied utilizing SAS9.2 software. Among 210 cases of patient, on the day before the operation, the main route of syndrome was blood deficiency (33.33%), followed by the syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin (28.57%). On the third day after surgery, the main syndrome was qi deficiency (47.62%), followed by yin deficiency inner-heat. On the seventh day after surgery, the main syndrome was both yin deficiency inner-heat (33.33%) and phlegm-dampness (33.33%). On the tenth day after surgery, the main syndrome was a deficiency of both qi and yin (38.09%), followed by dampness and hot accumulative knotting (33.33%). Research in the field of the distribution characteristics of CM syndromes and dynamic evolution will provide an objective basis for syndrome differentiation for patients in the perioperative period, further advancing the study of preventing and decreasing relapse and metastasis in CM therapy.Keywords：colorectal carcinoma;perioperative period;Chinese medicine syndrome;cluster analyses
- 689
- |
- 109
- |
- 7
Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate the effect of Dan-gua Fang (丹瓜方) on adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) activated protein kinase (AMPK) α expression in liver and subsequent improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism. Forty 13-week-old diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were randomly divided into model, Dan-gua Fang, metformin and simvastatin groups (n=10 for each), and fed high-fat diet ad libitum. Ten Wistar rats were used as normal group and fed normal diet. After 24 weeks, liver expression of AMPKα mRNA was assessed by real-time PCR. AMPKα and phospho-AMPKα protein expression in liver was evaluated by Western blot. Liver histomorphology was carried out after hematoxylin-eosin staining, and blood glucose (BG), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), food intake and body weight recorded. Similar AMPKα mRNA levels were found in the Dan-gua Fang group and normal group, slightly higher than the values obtained for the remaining groups (P<0.05). AMPKα protein expression in the Dan-gua Fang group animals was similar to other diabetic rats, whereas phospho-AMPKα (Thr-172) protein levels were markedly higher than in the metformin group and simvastatin group (P<0.05), respectively. However, phosphor-AMPKα/AMPKα ratios were similar in all groups. Dan-gua Fang reduced fasting blood glucose with similar strength to metformin, and was superior in reducing cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as improving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in comparison with simvastatin and metformin. Dan-gua Fang decreases plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) significantly. Dan-gua Fang, while treating phlegm-stasis, could decrease BG and lipid in type 2 diabetic GK rats fed with high-fat diet, and effectively protect liver histomorphology and function. This may be partly explained by increased AMPK expression in liver. Therefore, Dan-gua Fang might be an ideal drug for comprehensive intervention for glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Keywords：Dan-gua Fang;Goto-Kakizaki rat;adenosine 5′-monophosphate activated protein kinase;type 2 diabetes mellitus;liver;glucose and lipid metabolism
- 680
- |
- 102
- |
- 9
Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Although chondroprotective activities have been documented for polysaccharides, the potential target of different polysaccharide may differ. The study was aimed to explore the effect of glucan HBP-A in chondrocyte monolayer culture and chondrocytes-alginate hydrogel constructs in vivo, especially on the expression of type II collagen. Chondrocytes isolated from rabbit articular cartilage were cultured and verified by immunocytochemical staining of type II collagen. Chondrocyte viability was assessed after being treated with HBP-A in different concentrations. Morphological status of chondrocytes-alginate hydrogel constructs in vitro was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The constructs were treated with HBP-A and then injected to nude mice subcutaneously. Six weeks after transplantation, the specimens were observed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mRNA expressions of disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTs-5), aggrecan and type II collagen in both monolayer culture and constructs were determined by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression of type II collagen and matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) in chondrocyte monolayer culture was also tested through Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. MMP-3 secretion and ADAMTs-5 mRNA expression in vitro were inhibited by HBP-A at 0.3 mg/mL concentration. In morphological study, there were significant appearance of collagen in those constructs treated by HBP-A. Accordingly, in both chondrocyte monolayer culture and chondrocytes-alginate hydrogel constructs, the expression of type II collagen was increased significantly in HBP-A group when compared with control group (P<0.001). The study documented that the potential pharmacological target of glucan HBP-A in chondrocytes monolayer culture and tissue engineered cartilage in vivo may be concerned with the inhibition of catabolic enzymes MMP-3, ADAMTs-5, and increasing of type II collagen expression.Keywords：Chinese Medicine;glucan HBP-A;osteoarthritis;chondrocyte;collagen II
- 795
- |
- 124
- |
- 1
Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate the effect of 2,3,4′,5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), an active component extracted from the root of Polygonum multiflorum, on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and to identify the potential mechanism. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were determined by cell counting, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expression and flow cytometry. Levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), mitogenic extracellular kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) and Src in VSMCs were measured by Western blot. The expression of c-fos, c-jun and c-myc mRNA were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by fluorescence assay. TSG significantly inhibited Ang II-induced VSMCs proliferation and arrested cells in the G /S checkpoint (P<0.05 or P<0.01). TSG decreased the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, MEK1/2 and Src in VSMCs (P<0.05 or P<0.01). TSG also suppressed c-fos, c-jun and c-myc mRNA expression <0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, the intracellular ROS was reduced by TSG (P<0.01). TSG inhibited Ang II-induced VSMCs proliferation. Its antiproliferative effect might be associated with down-regulation of intracellular ROS, followed by the suppression of the Src-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signal pathway, and hence, blocking cell cycle progression.Keywords：2,3,4′,5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside;vascular smooth muscle cells;proliferation;angiotensin II;Chinese medicine Polygonum multiflorum
- 770
- |
- 90
- |
- 7
Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To isolate antifungal compound from Paeonia suffruticosa, and to find the antifungal mechanisms by observing the ultrastructural modifications of yeasts in growth phase produced by 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG). Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) root bark (PRB) was separated by solvent extraction and purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using analytical and preparative reversed phase C18 column on the basis of bio-assay method. In order to investigate the antifungal mechanism of PGG, Yeasts were submitted to different concentrations [3 × minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), 0.3 × MIC] for 1 h under constant stirring at 30 °C, and transmission electron microscopy was performed. Based on the antifungal activity of PRB on Candida glabrata CBS138, the antifungal compound were isolated in ethyl acetate layer of PRB and identified as PGG by mass spectrometry, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses, with molecular weight of 940 and molecular formular as C41H32O26. Transmission electron microscopy showed that PGG degraded the cell wall envelope. The results suggest that PGG may be responsible for the antifungal activity of PRB by disrupting the structure of cell wall directly.Keywords：Paeonia suffruticosa;1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose;antifungal activity
- 785
- |
- 90
- |
- 1
Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To analyze the diagnostic consistency of Chinese medicine (CM) specialists in patients with cardiovascular disease and to study syndrome classification and identification based on the multi-label learning method. Using self-developed CM clinical scales to collect cases, inquiry information, complexity, tongue manifestation and pulse manifestation were assessed. The number of cases collected was 2,218. Firstly, each case was differentiated by two CM specialists according to the same diagnostic criteria. The consistency of the diagnosis based on Cohen’s Kappa coefficient was analyzed. Secondly, take the same diagnosis syndromes of two specialists as the results of the cases. According to injury information in the CM scale “yes” or “no” was assigned “1” or “0”, and according to the syndrome type in each case “yes” or “no” was assigned “1” or “0”. CM information data on cardiovascular disease cases were established. We studied CM syndrome classification and identification based on the relevant feature for each label (REAL) learning method, and the diagnostic rate of the syndrome was studied using the REAL method when the number of features selected was 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 70, and 100, respectively. The syndromes with good diagnostic consistency were Heart (Xin)-qi deficiency, Heart-yang deficiency, Heart-yin deficiency, phlegm, stagnation of blood and stagnation of qi. Syndromes with poor diagnostic consistency were heartblood deficiency and blood deficiency of Heart and Liver (Gan). The highest diagnostic rates using the REAL method were Heart-yang deficiency followed by Heart-qi deficiency. A different number of features, such as 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, and 100, respectively, were selected and the diagnostic accuracy based on five features showed the highest diagnostic accuracy. The top five features which had a strong correlation with the syndromes were in accordance with the CM theory. CM syndrome differentiation is strongly subjective and it is difficult to obtain good diagnostic consistency. The REAL method fully considers the relationship between syndrome types and injury symptoms, and is suitable for the establishment of models for CM syndrome classification and identification. This method can probably provide the prerequisite for objectivity and standardization of CM differentiation.Keywords：diagnosis consistency;syndromes classification;syndromes identification;cardiovascular disease;relevant feature for each label learning method
- 738
- |
- 100
- |
- 9
Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To explore the effects and anti-depression mechanisms of Kaixin Jieyu Decoction (开心解郁汤, KJD). The rat vascular depression (VD) model was established by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries (LBCCA) combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham, VD model, VD + high-dose KJD [15.4 g/(kg·d) of crude drug], VD + medium-dose KJD [7.7 g/(kg·d) of crude drug], and VD + fluoxetine [2.4 mg/(kg·d)] groups (n=8 in each group), and the treatments lasted for 21 days. Changes of behavior and hippocampus pathology were observed. The level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) protein and mRNA in hippocampus was detected respectively by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Compared with the sham group, rats in model group showed a variety of behavioral obstacles, including a significant reduction in sucrose consumption percentage, horizontal and vertical activity scores in open-field tests (P<0.05 or P<0.01), pathological damage like neuronal degeneration, necrosis, and a significant decrease of GFAP protein and mRNA in hippocampus (P<0.01); compared with the model group, rats in the high-dose KJD group, medium-dose KJD group and fluoxetine group obtained notable higher behavioral scores, and pathological injury lessened in hippocampus with a increased expression of GFAP protein and mRNA P<0.05 or P<0.01); compared with the medium-dose KJD group and fluoxetine group, GFAP mRNA in high-dose KJD group expressed higer (P<0.05). LBCCA combined with CUMS may cause depression-like behavioral changes resulting in the VD model of rats whose depression state can be ameliorated by KJD, and the mechanism of cerebral protection is related possibly with promoting expression of GFAP in hippocampus.Keywords：vascular depression;Kaixin Jieyu Decoction;behavior;Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein;Chinese Medicine
- 657
- |
- 73
- |
- 4
Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To observe the protective effects of safflor Injection (SI) and extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGB) on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) and investigate its mechanism. In vivo rabbit model of LIRI was reconstructed. Forty rabbits were randomly and equally divided into four groups: sham-operation group (sham group), ischemia-reperfusion group (model group), ischemia-reperfusion plus SI group (safflor group) and ischemia-reperfusion plus EGB injection group (EGB group). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in serum were measured. The wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of the lung tissue and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also tested. Ultrastructure change of the lung tissue was observed by the electron microscope. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In the model group, MDA and XO increased and SOD decreased in serum compared with the sham group (P<0.01). The values of W/D, MPO and ICAM-1 of the model group were higher than those of the sham group (P<0.01), but those of the safflor group and EGB group were significantly lower than those of the model group (P<0.01). The IHC demonstrated that ICAM-1 expression in lung tissue of the model group was significantly higher than those of the safflor group (P<0.01). Compared with safflor group, in the EGB group MDA, XO, MPO decreased, SOD and ICAM-1 expression increased (P<0.05), but the change of W/D was not statistically significant (P>0.05). SI and EGB may attenuate LIRI through antioxidation, inhibition of neutrophil aggregation and down-regulation of ICAM-1 expression. But EGB had more effect on the antioxidation, while SI did better on regulating ICAM-1 expression.Keywords：Safflor Injection;Ginkgo biloba extraction;lung;ischemia-reperfusion injury;intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- 690
- |
- 102
- |
- 6
Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To investigate and analyze the characteristics of Meridian Sinew (Jingjin) syndrome in patients with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). From August 2010 to September 2011, 313 WAD cases from New York and California states were collected. The survey mostly collects the information of “Sinew Knotted Points” and symptoms of four types of Meridian Sinew differentiation—Taiyang, Shaoyin, Shaoyang and Yangming. Among the cases which are on the average of medium injury level, the higher frequency of “Sinew Knotted Points” tenderness were found on Jianwaishu (SI 14), Jianzhongshu (SI 15), Tianchuang (SI 16), C3-6 Spinous Process, Dazhui (GV 14), Fengchi (GB 20), Tianliao (SJ 15) and Tianding (LI 17). The most commonly presented symptoms were widespread spasm and tenderness in the neck (Taiyang), difficulty in lateral flexion (Shaoyang), problems of extension and flexion (Taiyang), and stiffness and pain during neck movement (Yangming). Among the cases, 237 cases (75.72%) were related to Taiyang Meridian Sinew syndrome, 82 cases (26.20%) to Shaoyin syndrome and 175 (55.91%) and 176 (56.23%) cases to Shaoyang and Yangming syndrome respectively. The most of cases presented in a combination format. The syndrome distribution under Grade I, II and III reflected that more combination of the Meridian Sinew syndromes in the whiplash injury patients which is resulted from more severity of injury. It is practical to identify the location of abnormality through Meridian Sinew differentiation, considering both “Sinew Knotted Points” tenderness and corresponding symptoms, for the local neck symptoms of WAD.Keywords：whiplash-association disorders;Meridian Sinew (Jingjin) syndrome;Sinew Knotted Point
- 608
- |
- 88
- |
- 1
Published：2021-08-27
OriginalPaper
- 邮编：100091
- 联系电话：010-62886827, 62877592 传真：010-62874291
- 技术支持由北京北大方正电子有限公司提供 京ICP备05067934号-1
京公网安备11010802024621 - 本系统建议在Chrome、 IE9+ 以上版本浏览器阅读本站内容，360浏览器请切换至极速模式
- Cookies帮助我们提供服务并提供个性化体验。使用本网站，即表示您同意我们使用Cookies
0