Latest Issue
2016 Year 22 Vol. 11 Issue
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- Abstract：Stenosis of the coronary artery has been considered as an essential component of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Consequently, revascularization [e.g., percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass] has been the primary therapeutic approach to IHD. Such strategy has indeed revolutionized the management of IHD patients. However, not all patients with myocardial ischemia have visible coronary stenosis. Moreover, cardiovascular events occur in nearly 20% patients with stable coronary artery disease who have undergone PCI. The recently proposed “solar system” hypothesis of IHD postulates that coronary stenosis is only one (albeit important) of its features. Mechanistic contribution and clinical implication of multiple pathophysiological processes beyond coronary stenosis are highlighted in this hypothesis. On the basis of a holistic regulation and individualized medicine, Chinese medicine (CM) has been used in the real-world setting to manage a variety of diseases, including IHD, for more than two thousands years. In this article, we summarize the evidence of CM that supports the “solar system” IHD hypothesis, and argue for a comprehensive approach to IHD. At the theoretical level, the central features of this approach include a holistic view of disease and human subjects, as well as individualized medicine. At the practical level, this approach emphasizes anoxia-tolerance and self-healing.Keywords：Chinese Medicine;ischemic heart disease;coronary heart disease;Myocardial ischemia;Holistic Regulation
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Complementary and alternative medicine, particularly herbal therapy, is widely used by patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), but controlled data are limited. To describe the clinical presentation and treatment strategies for UC in inpatients from Shanghai, China and to improve the therapeutic outcomes for patients with UC. Medical records from 247 patients with UC who were admitted to Longhua Hospital Affifiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2008 and June 2013 were analyzed for gender, age, course of the disease, clinical type, extent and severity of the disease, treatment strategies, and therapeutic outcomes. Gender ratios and disease onset of inpatients with UC in the Shanghai area were consistent with other reports in the literature. In contrast to previous studies, most patients exhibited disease of the left colon, over half of the patients had problems of the rectum or sigmoid colon, and most patients had either mild or moderate UC. Comparison of Sutherland Disease Actirity Index scores for patients treated with Chinese medicine (CM) and those treated with integrated CM and Western medicine revealed signifificant reductions in scores for both groups after treatment (P<0.01), with no signifificant difference in therapeutic effects between groups (P=0.938). Herbal medicine has been widely used in patients with mild to moderate disease and as adjunct therapy in patients with moderate to severe disease. Therefore, the strategy was proposed for the treatment of UC with CM therapy based on 2 steps according to the stage of the disease, even in the clinical setting.Keywords：Ulcerative Colitis;Chinese Medicine;retrospective study;treatment strategy
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To explore the mechanism of Bushen Qiangji Granule (补肾强脊颗粒, BSQJ) in restraining the osteogenic differentiation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) fifibroblasts. Hip joint capsules were obtained from AS patients (n=10) receiving total hip replacement and healthy hip joint capsules from patients with hip fracture (n=10) receiving surgery as a control. Finite fifibroblast lines were established from these tissue samples to observe the effect of BSQJ on suppressing osteogenic differentiation of fifibroblasts. The expression of osteogenic marker gene corebinding factor a1 (Cbfa1) and Smad family proteins were examined by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The mRNA expression level of Cbfa1 was significantly higher in AS fibroblasts than that in normal fibroblasts and the expression of pSmad1, pSmad5, Smad4 and Cbfa1 in AS fibroblasts was also higher, demonstrating the activation of the BMP/Smads signal pathway in AS fifibroblasts. BSQJ-medicated serum not only restrained the mRNA and protein expression levels of Cbfa1 and inhibited protein expression level of Smad4 but also decreased the expression quantities of pSmad1 and pSmad5. BSQJ can inhibit osteogenic differentiation of AS fifibroblasts in vitro by suppressing the activation of the BMP/Smads signal pathway. This may be the important molecular mechanism of BSQJ in regulating AS ossifification.Keywords：Bushen Qiangji Granule medicated serum;fifibroblasts;ankylosing spondylitis;ossifification
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To study various experts’ opinions on the defifinition and diagnosis of blood stasis in China. We e-mailed the selected experts to explain the purpose of the study and to invite them to participate and asked them to name a time for the investigator to call them. Eight experts and fifive organizations were interviewed in the research community investigating blood stasis in China. Six main categories emerged from the interviews: (1) blood stasis concepts; (2) blood stasis-related biomarkers; (3) methods of diagnosing blood stasis; (4) drugs for promoting blood circulation and dissipating stasis; (5) blood stasis-related diseases; and (6) blood stasis-related societies. The consensus among the interviewed experts was that the defifinition of blood stasis is rather complicated and that there is no gold standard marker for detecting blood stasis. This paper acquired experts’ opinions on the defifinition and diagnosis of blood stasis in order to establish a modern concept of blood stasis. This paper also developed a diagnostic tool and diagnostic indices for blood stasis and identifified biological indices and pathologic mechanisms related to blood stasis, which might be of great reference value in future blood stasis standardization research.Keywords：Blood Stasis;concept;interview;experts;Chinese Medicine
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To determine the effect of medicated serum of Chinese herbal compound Naofucong (脑复聪, NFC) on the microglia BV-2 cells viability and the transcription and expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in microglia BV-2 cells to further explore the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of NFC on inflammatory process induced by high glucose. The microglia BV-2 cells incubated in vitro were divided into different groups: the control group (25 mmol/L glucose), the model group (75 mmol/L glucose), high glucose media containing different dose medicated serum of NFC. After being cultured for 24 h, changes in IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of surface marker CD11b of activated microglia was measured by confocal laser scanning microscope and Western blot. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p-p65 expression was analyzed by Western blot. The model group obviously increased the expression of microglial surface marker CD11b and NF-κB p-p65 (all P<0.01), induced a signifificant up-regulation of release and the mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The medicated serum of NFC could obviously down-regulate the transcription and expression of surface marker CD11 b and NF-κB p-p65 (all P<0.01), and inhibit the mRNA and protein expression (P<0.01 or P<0.05) of inflflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, in microglia BV-2 cells cultured with high glucose for 24 h. The inhibition of microglial activation and IL-6 and TNF-α expression induced by high glucose may at least partly explain NFC therapeutic effects on diabetes-associated cognitive decline diseases. Its underlying mechanism could probably be related to the inhibition of NFC on NF-κB phosphorylation.Keywords：high glucose;microglia;inflflammatory cytokine;Chinese herbal compound Naofucong
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To ascertain anti-fatigue constituents and mechanisms of Herpetospermum caudigerum. The 80% ethanol extracts of Herpetospermum caudigerum were partitioned with chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, respectively. Male Kunming mice were divided into 13 groups with 16 mice in each group: a control group fed with water, 9 groups treated with 3 fractions of Herpetospermum caudigerum (chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and n-butanol fraction) at dose of 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg for the low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group, 3 herpetrione (HPE) treated groups fed with HPE at dose of 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg for the low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group. All animals were treated once per day for 30 days. Anti-fatigue activity was assessed through the forced swimming test and serum biochemical parameters including blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic glycogen (HG), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) determined following the recommended procedures provided by the commercial kits. Compared with the control group, the lignans extract (ethyl acetate fraction) of Herpetospermum caudigerum and HPE could signifificantly prolonged the exhaustive swimming time (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and also increased the HG levels (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and LDH, P<0.05 or P<0.01); BLA and MDA levels were decreased considerably in lignans extract and HPE treated groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). HPE also could significantly decrease the BUN contents compared with the control group (P<0.05). The chloroform and n-butanol fraction showed no effect on swimming time and biochemical parameters. The lignans extract had antifatigue activities and HPE may be partly responsible for the anti-fatigue effects of Herpetospermum caudigerum. The possible mechanisms of anti-fatigue activity were related to the decrease of BUN and BLA, the increase of the HG storage and protecting corpuscular membrane by preventing lipid oxidation via modifying several enzyme activities.Keywords：Herpetospermum caudigerum;lignans;herpetrione;anti-fatigue activity
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To explore the specifificity of Tongli (HT 5) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) paired acupionts in aspects of Deqi sensation and brain activation patterns during electroacupuncture. In this study, 15 healthy subjects were enrolled. All participants suffered two kinds of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examinations randomly: Examination A received electro-acupuncture (EA) at the bilateral Tongli (HT5) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) acupoints (ACU), and examination B received EA at bilateral non-acupoints (NAP). The subjects reported the feeling of Deqi at each examination later respectively. A multi-voxel pattern analysis method and Statistical Program for Social Sciences were used to analyze the data. The ACU group (Exam A) reported fullness, heaviness, numbness, soreness and throbbing of signifificantly greater intensity than the NAP group (Exam B). In addition, there was no statistical signifificance between two groups in aching, tingling, deep pressure, sharp pain, dull pain, warmness and cold. Meanwhile, fMRI data revealed differences between two groups in discriminating accuracy of brain somatosensory cortex and language-related cortices. Needling HT 5 and GB 39 may modulate language function through a complex brain network, suggesting that it may be benefificial to the recovery of language function in patients with aphasia.Keywords：electroacupuncture;Tongli (HT 5);Xuanzhong (GB 39);functional magnetic resonance imaging;brain network
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：By observing body surface temperature variation of the intermediate structures of the Lung (Fei) and Large Intestine (Dachang) exterior-interior relationship in asthmatic patients, to investigate the pathological response on the pathway of channels and to substantiate the objective existence of the intermediary structures. The study included 60 subjects meeting the bronchial asthma inclusion criteria (experimental group) and 60 healthy subjects (normal control group). ATIR-M301 infrared thermal imaging device was used for detecting body surface temperature of the subjects and collecting the infrared thermal images. The temperature values of the intermediate structures of Lung and Large Intestine exterior-interior relationship [throat, Quepen, elbow, nose, Lieque (LU 7), Pianli (LI 6)], control areas (0.2 cm lateral to the above structures) and Yintang (EX-HN 3) were measured on the infrared thermal image by infrared imaging system. Then, the above temperature values were compared and analyzed within and between two groups. There were insignificant differences between the temperature on the left and right sides of the intermediate structures (Quepen, elbow, LU 7, LI 6) in normal control group (P>0.05). Except for that of Quepen, there were insignifificant differences between the temperature of the intermediate structures and their corresponding control areas in normal control group (P>0.05). In the experimental group, the temperature on the left and right sides of the intermediate structures (Quepen, elbow, LU 7, LI 6) showed statistically signifificant differences (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the temperature difference between intermediate structure (throat, Quepen, elbow, nose, LI 6) and their respective control areas were also significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The temperature of the intermediate structures (throat, Quepen, elbow, LU7, LI 6) between the experimental group and normal control group showed signifificant differences (P<0.05 or P<0.01). This study is an initial step to validate the objective existence of Lung and Large Intestine exterior-interior relationship intermediate structures, as described in the Chinese classical medical literatures, through the functional imaging angle. The intermediate structures are the pathological reaction areas of the bronchial asthmatic patients.Keywords：infrared thermal imaging;bronchial asthma;Lung and Large Intestine exterior-interior relationship;intermediate structure
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：Aging is associated with a progressive decline in muscle strength, muscle mass and impaired physical function, which reduces mobility and impairs quality of life in the elderly population. The 6–12 months of exercise can enhance the muscle strength, but these improvements can only be maintained for a short period. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term Tai Chi (TC) exercise on muscle strength of lower extremities. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 205 long-term TC practitioners (age: 60–89 years) and 205 age and gentle matched controls who did not practice TC. Each of the activity group was further divided into three distinct age groups: G1, 60–69 years; G2, 70–79 years; and G3, 80–89 years. Hand-held dynamometery was used to measure the maximum isometric strength of iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior and hamstrings in both sides of the participants. Unpaired t tests were performed to compare the difference of strength between the TC and non-Tai Chi (NTC) groups. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to compare the lower muscle strengths among the different age groups in the TC and NTC groups. Pearson’s correlations were used to quantify the linear relationship between the months of TC practice and lower limbs muscle strength. The inter-rater reliabilities of iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior and hamstrings were intraclass correlation coeffificient (ICC) (1,1) = 0.895 (0.862–0.920), ICC (2,2) = 0.905 (0.874–0.928), ICC (3,3) = 0.922 (0.898–0.941) and ICC (4,4) = 0.930 (0.908–0.947). The strength of the muscles in the TC group did not differ among different age groups (P>0.05). The strength of iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior and hamstrings in TC group was higher than that in the NTC group (P<0.05). A correlation between muscle strength and extension of the exercise period was positive (P<0.05). Results shed light on the orientation and magnitude of long-term TC in preventing muscle strength loss with aging. TC might be a good form to slow down the trend of age-related decline in muscle strength in community-dwelling population.Keywords：tai chi;lower-extremity;muscle strength
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Published：2021-08-27 - Abstract：To develop an effective Chinese Medicine (CM) diagnostic model of coronary heart disease (CHD) and to confifirm the scientifific validity of CM theoretical basis from an algorithmic viewpoint. Four types of objective diagnostic data were collected from 835 CHD patients by using a self-developed CM inquiry scale for the diagnosis of heart problems, a tongue diagnosis instrument, a ZBOX-I pulse digital collection instrument, and the sound of an attending acquisition system. These diagnostic data was analyzed and a CM diagnostic model was established using a multi-label learning algorithm (REAL). REAL was employed to establish a Xin (Heart) qi defificiency, Xin yang defificiency, Xin yin defificiency, blood stasis, and phlegm fifive-card CM diagnostic model, which had recognition rates of 80.32%, 89.77%, 84.93%, 85.37%, and 69.90%, respectively. The multi-label learning method established using four diagnostic models based on mutual information feature selection yielded good recognition results. The characteristic model parameters were selected by maximizing the mutual information for each card type. The four diagnostic methods used to obtain information in CM, i.e., observation, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and pulse diagnosis, can be characterized by these parameters, which is consistent with CM theory.Keywords：Chinese Medicine;Syndrome Differentiation;multi-label learning algorithm
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Published：2021-08-27
OriginalPaper
- Abstract：Compared with herbal drugs, medicine processed from animals (animal medicine) was thought to have more bioactive substances and higher activities. Biotransformation effect often plays an important role in their effect. However, researches about effect of animal medicine on diabetic nephropathy and applying animal medicine as natural bio-transformer were seldom reported. The purpose of this paper was to reveal the use of Bombyx Mori L. on diabetic nephropathy from ancient to modern times. The classical literature indicated that Saosi Decoction (缫丝汤), which contains Bombyx Mori L. or silkworm cocoon, was applied to treat disorders congruent with modern disease diabetic nephropathy from the Ming to Qing Dynasty in ancient China. Modern studies showed that Bombyx Mori L. contains four main active constituents. Among these, 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) and quercetin showed promising potential to be new agents in diabetic nephropathy treatment. The concentrations of 1-DNJ and the activities of quercetin in Bombyx Mori L. are higher than in mulberry leaves, because of the biotransformation in the Bombyx Mori L. body. However, these specifific components need further human and mechanistic studies to determine their therapeutic potential for this challenging condition.Keywords：diabetic nephropathy;Bombyx Mori L.;1-deoxynojirimycin;Quercetin;biotransformation;Chinese Medicine
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Published：2021-08-27
ReviewPaper
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