Latest Issue

    2017 Year 23 Vol. 3 Issue

      OriginalPaper

    • Arthur Yin Fan,Jun Xu,Yong-ming Li
      2017, 23(3): 163-165. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2542-x
        
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      Published:2021-08-27
    • Kexin Bao
      2017, 23(3): 166-169. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2536-8
      Abstract:This article focuses the category status of Chinese herbal medicine in the United States where it has been mistakenly classifified as a dietary supplement. According to Yellow Emperor Canon of Internal Medicine (Huang Di Nei Jing), clinical treatment in broad sense is to apply certain poisonous medicines to fight against pathogeneses, by which all medicines have certain toxicity and side effect. From ancient times to modern society, all, or at least most, practitioners have used herbal medicine to treat patients’ medical conditions. The educational curriculums in Chinese medicine (CM) comprise the courses of herbal medicine (herbology) and herbal formulae. The objective of these courses is to teach students to use herbal medicine or formulae to treat disease as materia medica. In contrast, dietary supplements are preparations intended to provide nutrients that are missing or are not consumed in suffificient quantity in a person’s diet. In contrast, Chinese herbs can be toxic, which have been proven through laboratory research. Both clinical practice and research have demonstrated that Chinese herbal medicine is a special type of natural materia medica, not a dietary supplement.  
      Keywords:herbal medicine;Chinese Herbal Medicine;dietary supplements;non-scientifific classifification   
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      Published:2021-08-27
    • Yan-yan Jin,Hai Gao,Xin-yong Zhang,Hui Ai,Xiao-lin Zhu,Jing Wang
      2017, 23(3): 170-175. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2749-x
      Abstract:To investigate the effect of Shenfu Injection (参附注射液, SFI) on inflammatory factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) treated with and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). This study enrolled 60 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by CS. Patients underwent IABP and emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomly divided into two groups by random number table with 30 cases in each group, one given Sfitreatment (100 mL/24 h), one not. The two groups were then compared in a clinical setting for left ventricular function, biochemical indicators and Inflammatory factors, including C-reactive proteins (CRP), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) events were compared between patients of the two groups both in-hospital and in follow-ups. The IABP support treatment times of patients in the IABP+Sfigroup were signifificantly shorter than the IABP group (52.87±28.84 vs. 87.45±87.31, P=0.047). In the patients of the IABP+Sfigroup, the CRP peak appeared in 24 h after PCI operation. The CRP peak in the patients of the IABP+Sfigroup was signifificantly lower than that in the IABP group (31.27±3.93 vs. 34.62±3.47, P=0.001). The increases in range of TNF-α in the patients of the IABP+Sfigroup were signifificantly lower than those of the IABP group (182.29±22.79 vs. 195.54±12.02, P=0.007). The increases in range of IL-1 in the patients of the IABP+Sfigroup were signifificantly lower than those of the IABP group (214.98±29.22 vs. 228.60±7.03, P=0.019). The amplitude elevated TNF-α 72 h after admission was an independent risk factor of in-hospital MACCE events (OR 0.973, 95% CI 0.890–0.987, P=0.014) in patients with STEMI and CS. Patients with STEMI complicated by CS treated by IABP and Sfihad a reduced inflammatory reaction, a reduced dependence of CS on IABP and shortened the course of disease.  
      Keywords:inflflammatory factor;cardiac shock;intra-aortic balloon pump;Chinese Medicine;Shenfu Injection   
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      Published:2021-08-27
    • Chien-Ying Lee,Hung-Che Shih,Min-Chien Yu,Ming-Yung Lee,Ya-Lan Chang,Ya-Yun Lai,Yi-Ching Lee,Yu-Hsiang Kuan,Chun-Che Lin
      2017, 23(3): 176-182. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2531-0
      Abstract:To investigate whether three strains of probiotics, L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, and L. sporogenes, had signifificant inhibitive effects on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This is a 4-week, randomly assigned, parallel-group, doubled-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Fifty patients with a positive H. pylori infection urea breath test (△UBT) result > 10% and without ulcer symptoms were randomized into a treatment group and a placebo group by a computer generated allocation sheet with 1:1. These subjects took one capsule of probiotics or placebo twice daily. The primary measurement was the change in △UBT values. The △UBT values during the 4-week treatment period and the 2-week follow-up period were not signifificantly different between the treatment group and the placebo group, indicating that the inhibitive effects on H. pylori were comparable between both groups. The monocyte count (%) was 5.77±1.11 in the treatment group versus 5.09±1.12 in the placebo group (P=0.044), and the basophile count was 0.55±0.32 in the treatment group versus 0.36±0.23 in the placebo group (P=0.024) at week 2 of the treatment period, both of which reached statistical signifificance. The monocyte count was 5.75±1.26 in the treatment group and 4.72±0.99 in the placebo group at the end of the follow-up period (P=0.003). There was no signifificant inhibitive effects of the three probiotic strains (L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, and L. sporogenes) on H. pylori. Probiotics can not play the same role as antibiotics in the eradication of H. pylori, the role of probiotics is likely to be important as adjuvant to the triple or quadruple therapy for H. pylori, especially in resistance cases.  
      Keywords:probiotics;Helicobacter pylori;urea breath test;randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial   
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      Published:2021-08-27
    • Cheng-gang Li,Lin Shen,Yan-Ping Yang,Xiao-Juan Xu,Bo Shuai,Chen Ma
      2017, 23(3): 183-189. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2407-3
      Abstract:To observe the regulation of Chinese herbal medicine, Modifified Qing’e Pill (加味青娥丸, MQEP), on the expression of adiponectin, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and other potentially relevant risk factors in patients with nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). A total of 96 patients with nontraumatic ONFH were unequal randomly divided into treatment group (60 cases) and control group (36 cases). The treatment group were treated with MQEP while the control group were treated with simulated pills. Both groups were given caltrate D. Six months were taken as a treatment course. Patients were followed up every 2 months. The levels of plasma adiponectin, BMP2, OPG, von Willebrand factor (vWF), von Willebrand factor cleaving protease (vWF-cp), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), C-reactive protein (CRP), blood rheology, bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral head and Harris Hip Score were measured before and after treatment. After 6 months of treatment, compared with the control group, patients in the treatment group had signifificantly higher adiponectin and BMP2 levels (P<0.01 and P=0.013, respectively), lower vWF, PAI-1 and CRP levels (P=0.019, P<0.01 and P<0.01, respectively), and lower blood rheology parameters. BMD of the femoral neck, triangle area and Harris Hip Score in the treatment group were signifificantly higher than those in the control group. Moreover, plasma adiponectin showed a positive association with BMP2 (r=0.231, P=0.003) and a negative association with PAI-1 (r=–0.159, P<0.05). MQEP may play a protective role against nontraumatic ONFH by increasing the expression of adiponectin, regulating bone metabolism and improving the hypercoagulation state, which may provide an experimental base for its clinical effects.  
      Keywords:osteonecrosis;femoral head;Chinese Herbal Medicine;adiponectin;bone morphogenetic protein 2;plasminogen activator inhibitor 1   
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      Published:2021-08-27
    • Xiao-yu Li,Xiao-yun Wang
      2017, 23(3): 190-195. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2095-4
      Abstract:To explore the effects of Chinese medicine prescription Zuogui Pill (左归丸, ZGP) on monoamine neurotransmitters and sex hormones in climacteric rats with induced panic attacks. Forty-eight climacteric female rats were randomized into 6 groups with 8 rats in each group: the control group, the model group, the low-, medium- and high-dose ZGP groups and the alprazolam group. Rats in the low-, medium- and high-dose ZGP groups were administered 4.725, 9.45, or 18.9 g/kg ZGP by gastric perfusion, respectively. The alprazolam group was treated by gastric perfusion with 0.036 mg/kg alprazolam. The control and model groups were treated with distilled water. The animals were pretreated once daily for 8 consecutive weeks. The behaviors of rats in the open fifield test and the elevated T-maze (ETM) were observed after induced panic attack, and the levels of brain monoamine neurotransmitters and the plasma levels of sex hormones were measured. Compared with the control group, the mean ETM escape time and the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenalin (NE) of the model group were signifificantly reduced (P<0.05), Compared with the model group, the mean ETM escape time and the 5-HT and NE levels of all the ZGP groups increased signifificantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). However, no signifificant difference was observed in the levels of sex hormones between the groups. Pretreatment with ZGP in climacteric rats may improve the behavior of panic attack, which may be related to increased 5-HT and NE in the brain.  
      Keywords:Zuogui Pill;climacteric;panic attack;monoamine neurotransmitter;sex hormone;Chinese Medicine   
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      Published:2021-08-27
    • Xiu-li Zheng,Yu Yang,Bao-jia Wang,Ju Wang,Hong-qu Tang
      2017, 23(3): 196-200. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2731-7
      Abstract:To investigate the mechanism of the Chinese medicine theory that Fei (Lung) and Dachang (Large Intestine) are exteriorly and interiorly related via synchronous observation on the dynamic changes of the respiratory and intestinal microflora. Forty specific pathogen free Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and randomly divided into blank (10 rats) and chronic bronchitis model groups (30 rats). The blank group rats were put into the smoke-free environment and the model group rats were put into the smoke environment in order to establish pulmonary disease (chronic bronchitis) model. Then the corresponding changes of the respiratory and intestinal microflflora of the model on 20th, 50th and 70th days were synchronously observed. The respiratory tract microflflora showed an increase in the total aerobic and Staphylococcus aureus and reduced anaerobic amount signifificantly on 20th day in the respiratory tract microflflora (P<0.05 or 0.01). On 50th day, total aerobic, total anaerobic amount and bififidobacterium signifificantly increased (P<0.05). On 70th day, Staphylococcus aureus reduced and lactobacillus increased signifificantly (P<0.01). The intestinal microflflora showed an increase in the total aerobic, Clostridium perfringens, enterobacter and enterococcus significantly increased on 20th day (P<0.05 or 0.01). Staphylococcus aureus on 50th day increased significantly (P<0.05). Total aerobic and enterococcus increased, total anaerobic and Clostridium perfringens reduced signifificantly on 70th day (P<0.05 or 0.01). The microecosystem of respiratory tract and intestine of rat model during the pathological process showed a dynamic disorder, indicating an interaction between the lung and large intestine which may be one of the connotations as they exteriorly and interiorly related.  
      Keywords:respiratory;intestinal;pulmonary disease;microflora;micro-ecology;Chronic Bronchitis;Chinese medicine theory   
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      Published:2021-08-27
    • Shahin Gavanji,Behrouz Larki
      2017, 23(3): 201-207. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2074-9
      Abstract:To determine the effect of propolis on Candida albicans and to compare it with the effects of some other herbal extracts and antibiotics on this pathogenic fungi. The extracts of propolis, Thymus vulgaris, Caryophillium aromaticus, Echinophora platyloba, Allium cepa and Cinnamomum zeylanicum were prepared and the antifungi effects of the extracts were examined on Candida albicans ATCC10231 using disc-diffusion assay and micro-broth dilution. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as inhibition zone were evaluated and the anti fungi effects of herbal extracts were compared with amphotricin B and nystatin at the times of 24, 48 and 72 h. Data analysis was performed using t test. Obtained results showed that propolis extract with MIC90 and MFC equal to 39 and 65 μg/mL, respectively, possess the highest antifungal activity when compared with other studied extracts. The extracts of Allium cepa and Thymus vulgaris, with MFC of 169 and 137 μg/mL, respectively, showed the lowest effects on the fungi. Also nystatin and amphotricin B yielded better effects on the tested fungi compared with the effects of all studied extracts on Candida albicans. Propolis extract is effective in controlling Candida albicans. However, the issue requires further investigation on samples in animals and performing toxicological examinations.  
      Keywords:Candida Albicans;Propolis;herbal extract;antibiotics   
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    • Xi-de Liu,Yun-qing Wang,Long Cai,Li-hong Ye,Fang Wang,Ying-ying Feng
      2017, 23(3): 208-214. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2532-z
      Abstract:To study the effect of Wenhua Juanbi Recipe (温化蠲痹方, WJR) on expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14 (TNFRSF14, also known as LIGHT) in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA rats were generated by subcutaneous injection of bovine collagen type-II at the tail base. Sixty CIA rats were randomly assigned (10 animals/group) to: model, methotrexate (MTX)-treated (0.78 mg/kg body weight), and WJR-treated (22.9 g/kg) groups. Healthy normal rats (n=10) were used as the normal control. Treatments or saline were administered once daily by oral gavage. Rats were sacrifificed at day 28 post-treatment and knee synovium and peripheral blood serum were collected. Toe swelling degree and expression of RANKL, OPG, and LIGHT were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Compared with the normal group, toe swelling degree was signifificantly increased in the model group (P<0.01). After treatment, toe swelling degree decreased signifificantly in the WJR and MTX groups compared with the model group (P<0.01). Compared with the normal group, expression of RANKL and LIGHT were signifificantly increased and OPG signifificantly decreased in peripheral blood and synovium of the model group (P<0.01). Conversely, RANKL and LIGHT expression were signifificantly reduced and OPG increased in the WJR and MTX groups compared with the model group (P<0.01). No statistically significant difference existed between WJR and MTX groups. WJR likely acts by reducing RANKL expression and increasing OPG expression, thus inhibiting RANKL/RANK interaction and reducing LIGHT expression, thereby inhibiting osteoclast formation/activation to block bone erosion.  
      Keywords:Wenhua Juanbi Recipe;collagen-induced arthritis;receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand;osteoprotegerin;tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14;synovium;peripheral blood;Chinese Medicine   
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    • Jung-Hee Jang,Deuk-Joo Lee,Chang-Hwan Bae,Ki-Tae Ha,Sunoh Kwon,Hi-Joon Park,Dae-Hyun Hahm,Hyejung Lee,Seungtae Kim
      2017, 23(3): 215-220. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2609-8
      Abstract:To clarify the effects of acupuncture stimulation at Zusanli (ST 36) on the hormonal changes. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice received acupuncture stimulation at acupoint ST 36 or Quchi (LI 11) once a day for 3 or 5 days in the acupuncture-stimulated groups, but not received in the normal group (n=6 in each group). On day 3 or 5, animals were given 0.1 mL of charcoal orally with a bulbed steel needle, 30 min after the last acupuncture stimulation. Ten minutes later, mice were anesthetized, and the intestinal transit and the concentrations of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), motilin, ghrelin and gastrin in the serum were measured. Compared to no acupuncture stimulation, acupuncture stimulation at ST 36 for 5 days increased the intestinal transit and down-regulated the concentration of VIP and up-regulated the concentrations of motilin, ghrelin and gastrin (P<0.05 or 0.01), whereas acupuncture stimulation at LI 11 did not change them signifificantly (P>0.05). Acupuncture stimulation at ST 36 for 5 days enhances the small intestinal motility and regulates the secretion of hormones related to small intestinal motility.  
      Keywords:acupuncture;Gastrointestinal Motility;vasoactive intestinal peptide;motilin;ghrelin;gastrin   
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    • Peng Chen,Qin-xuan Shen,Lin-yan Shen,Zhi-bing Wu,Li-hong Pi,Wen-hua Ge,Wei Qi
      2017, 23(3): 221-225. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2527-9
        
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    • Xing Liao,Yan-ming Xie,Nicola Robinson,Yong-yan Wang
      2017, 23(3): 226-232. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2534-x
      Abstract:The issue of safety evaluation on postmarketing Chinese medicines has become a hot topic in mainland China recently. Researchers and decision-makers can obtain a variety of evidence resources about safety in order to evaluate the safety profile for postmarketing Chinese medicines. A registry study on ten Chinese medicine injections for postmarketing surveillance has come to the end. From such a study observing more than 300,000 patients for more than 4 years, a theoretical research question emerges, that is, how to identify and evaluate safety evidence systematically. We put forward a brand new research paradigm on the theory level, which is to establish a body of evidence on safety evaluation for postmarketing Chinese medicine. Therefore, multiple information sources were explored and extracted from preclinical experiments for toxicity, postmarketing clinical trials for effificacy and safety evaluation, registry study for surveillance, retrospective data analysis from hospital information system and spontaneous response system, and case reports and systematic review from literature. Greater efforts for this idea and cooperation with experts in this fifield both in China and abroad are urgently needed.  
      Keywords:postmarketing Chinese medicine;safety research;Kudiezi Injection;body of evidence   
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      ReviewPaper

    • Keyal Uma,Xin Huang,Bhatta Anil Kumar
      2017, 23(3): 233-239. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2524-z
      Abstract:The advancement of phytochemical and phytopharmacological sciences has enabled elucidation of the composition and biological activities of several medicinal plant products including plant extract and essential oils. These products have been widely used around the world since ancient times for the treatment of various disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, peptic ulcer disease, microbial infection, sexual disorder and many more. Its popularity in the modern system of medicine is mainly due to their availability and fewer adverse reactions compared to synthetic drugs. Various scientifific investigations have been conducted to look for the potential of the extract from the plant or isolated compounds for the continued use of these products in the treatment and prevention of various kinds of human diseases. It is evident from the available literature and scientifific investigations that many plant species possess potential for use as a benefificial therapeutic remedy with multiple pharmacological actions such as analgesic, anti-inflflammatory, antipyretic, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, antimicrobial, antiulcer and anticonvulsant activities. The present review aims to provide relevant updated information about certain plant products, its composition, preparation and its fungicidal or fungistatic effects on different species of fungus as evaluated by studies done in the past. It introduces six medicinal plants that have been studied for their antifungal property and are found to be effective. The overall objective is to provide comprehensive information about the use of plant extract and essential oil for treating fungal infections and to explore the evidence supporting its effectiveness in treating fungal diseases without causing any serious adverse reactions.  
      Keywords:plant extract;essential oil;fungal infection   
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