Latest Issue
      2017 Year 23 Vol. 5 Issue

        OriginalPaper

      • Xi-ran He,Shu-yan Han,Ping-ping Li
        2017, 23(5): 323-330. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2736-2
        Abstract：Owing to its unique superiority in improving quality of life and prolonging survival time among advanced lung cancer patients, Chinese medicine (CM) has, in recent years, received increased attentions worldwide. We utilized a bibliometric statistical method based on MEDLINE/GoPubMed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current application status of CM in lung cancer, by including annual and accumulated publications, origin distribution of countries and journals, and keywords with a higher frequency score. Then the relevant clinical trials and mechanistic studies were systematically summarized within the field according to research types. We have raised potential problems and provided potentially useful reference information that could guide similar studies in the future. The basic experimental results are highly consistent with clinical trials, leading us to conclude that CM can offer better overall therapeutic benefits when used in combination with routine Western medicine for patients with advanced lung cancer.  
        Keywords：Chinese Medicine;Advanced Lung Cancer;clinical trials;experimental researches;latest progress   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Shu-long Jiang,Hong-jie Liu,Zhao-chun Liu,Ning Liu,Rui Liu,Young-Reep Kang,Joong-Gu Ji,Chao Zhang,Bao-jin Hua,Shin-Jyung Kang
        2017, 23(5): 331-337. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2146-x
        Abstract：To investigate the adjuvant therapeutic effects of fermented red ginseng (FRG) extract on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with chemotherapy. A total of 60 patients with advanced NSCLC were divided into two groups using a random number table, i.e., the gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) chemotherapy alone group (26 patients) and the FRG + GP chemotherapy group (34 patients), for 60-day treatment. Patients were then assessed according to the Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Chinese medicine symptoms score, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Karnofsky Performance Status Scale, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung. In addition, chemotherapy toxicity and tumor biomarkers were measured. For NSCLC patients after chemotherapy, FRG extract significantly improved the FSI score, CM symptoms score, psychological status, physical conditions, and quality of life and reduced chemotherapy toxicity, but the expression levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin-19 fragments, and neuron-specific enolase were not significantly different between the chemotherapy alone and the FRG + chemotherapy groups or between pre- and post-treatments. This study demonstrated that FRG extract had an adjuvant effect on advanced NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy. Further studies with a larger sample size will verify the current findings.  
        Keywords：lung cancer;Korean red ginseng;fermented red ginseng extract;chemotoxicity;tumor adjuvant therapy;Chinese Medicine   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Ju Ah Lee,Jeeyoun Jung,Mi Mi Ko,Myeong Soo Lee
        2017, 23(5): 338-344. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2580-4
        Abstract：To evaluate the consistency of patterns and pattern identification (PI), and the improvement in the diagnosis of blood stasis after the standard operating procedures (SOPs) were enhanced by using a diagnostic flflowchart. Methods A total of 358 subjects who were admitted by the Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine between June 2013 and December 2014 were included in the study. Each patient was independently diagnosed by two experts from the same department. In 2014, the SOPs included the use of a diagnostic flflowchart for each indicator. Inter-observer consistency was assessed by simple percent agreement and by the kappa and AC1 statistics. The improvements in inter-observer agreement for the indicators (for all patients) and PI were greater in 2014 than in 2013. In 2013, the j-value measure of agreement between the two experts ranged from "poor" (κ=–0.051) to "good" (κ=0.968). The AC1 measure of agreement between the experts was generally high for the indicators and ranged from–0.010 to 0.978. In most cases, agreement was considerably lower when it was assessed by the j-values compared with the AC1 values. In 2014, the j-value measure of agreement on the indicators (for the subjects) generally ranged from poor to good, with the values ranging from–0.007 to 0.994. Moreover, the AC1 measure of agreement between the experts was generally high for all of the indicators and ranged from "moderate" (AC1=0.408) to "excellent" (AC1=0.996). In four examinations, there was moderate agreement between the clinicians on the PI indicators of blood stasis. To improve clinician consistency (e.g., in the diagnostic criteria used), it is necessary to analyse the reasons for inconsistency and to improve clinician training. (Trial registration No. KCT0000916)  
        Keywords：Blood Stasis;inter-observer reliability;pattern identification;Traditional Chinese Medicine;traditional Korean medicine   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Li-ying Zhou,Hong-xia Zhang,Yong-lian Lan,Ying Li,Yu Liang,Lan Yu,Yan-min Ma,Chan-wei Jia,Shu-yu Wang
        2017, 23(5): 345-349. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2144-z
        Abstract：To determine the risk factors of the pregnant women with early spontaneous abortion in Beijing. A total of 34,417 cases of pregnant women were participated in the survey from January 2000 to December 2013. A questionnaire was informed to each woman. The content of questionnaire includes four parts: general condition, obstetrical history, past history and family history, and living environment and habits. The mental condition was evaluated with Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). A total of 32,296 questionnaires were collected. The spontaneous abortion rate in the total sample was 3.0%. There was no significant difference between the normal pregnancy group and spontaneous abortion group in terms of general condition, obstetrical and past history (P>0.05). Significant differences between the two groups were found in terms of decoration during pregnancy, keeping pets, near mobile communication base station within 100 m around the residence, drinking during pregnancy, having a cold during pregnancy and SAS (P<0.05). Having a cold during pregnancy, decoration during pregnancy, near mobile communication base station within 100 m around the residence, keeping pets and high SAS were determined the independent risk factors of spontaneous abortion by Logistic regression analysis. Having a cold during pregnancy, decoration, keeping pets, near mobile communication base station within 100 m around the residence and high SAS are the independent risk factors of spontaneous abortion in Beijing.  
        Keywords：epidemiological;risk factors;Spontaneous Abortion;living environment;habit   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Hui-min Zhang,Ming-hua Bai,Qi Wang
        2017, 23(5): 350-356. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1853-z
        Abstract：To develop a health-evaluating scale from a Chinese medicine (CM) perspective and reflecting CM conception of health. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Self-Evaluation Scale (TCM-50) was developed by verification of dimensions, formation of item pool, verification of scoring methodology, and pilot test of scale and item analysis. TCM-50 composed of 50 items that could be classified into 4 dimensions including physiology and health, psychology and health, nature and health, and society and health. An examination of reliability and validity of TCM-50 yielded Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.927, and half coefficient of was 0.876. The intraclass correlation coefficient of total score was 0.912. After using SF-36 questionnaire to evaluate the criterion validity, the Pearson of the score of the two scales from the same participant was 0.740. TCM-50 has good reliability and validity, and can yield similar levels of efficacy as SF-36 in terms of evaluating people’s overall health level. As a scale based on CM theory, TCM-50 is suitable for self-measuring the general health of Chinese patients.  
        Keywords：Chinese Medicine;health status;scale;TCM-50;reliability;validity   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Yan-hong Zhang,Ying Zhang,Jing Li,Wen-xin Tong,Feng-qin Xu
        2017, 23(5): 357-361. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2298-8
        Abstract：To observe the effects of Xiongshao Capsule (芎芍胶囊, XSC) on anti-inflflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in serum of atherosclerosis (AS) rabbit model and explore the anti-inflflammatory protective effects of XSC on HDL. Sixty rabbits were randomized into the control, the model, XSC low-, medium- and high-dose (Rhizoma Chuanxiong + Radix Paeoniae rubra: 0.6+0.3, 1.2+0.6, 2.4+1.2g·kg-1·day-1, respectively), and simvastatin (1g·kg-1·day-1) groups. The model rabbits were fed with high-fat diet and drugs for 15 weeks. The blood and thoracic aortas samples were collected at the end of 15 weeks. The levels of serum MPO and PON1 as well as total cholesterol (TC) and free cholesterol (FC) in aorta wall cells were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. TC and FC in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, TC and FC in the XSC groups were signifificantly lower (P<0.05 or P<0.01), so was simvastatin group (P<0.01). There was no signifificant difference in PON1 level between groups (P>0.05), even between model and control groups (P>0.05). The serum MPO level in the model group was signifificantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), which was signifificantly lower in XSC groups as well as simvastatin group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and no difference was found between XSC groups and simvastatin group (P>0.05). XSC can reduce the serum MPO level in AS rabbits to protect the anti-inflammatory function of HDL, maintaining the normal lipid transport function. TC and FC levels in aorta cells decline, and this process initiated by XSC plays an anti-AS role.  
        Keywords：blood-activating and stasis-dissolving;anti-atherosclerosis;anti-inflammatory;functional high density lipoprotein;Chinese Medicine   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Jin Ma,Shi-yu Ma,Chun-hua Ding
        2017, 23(5): 362-369. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2159-5
        Abstract：To study the effect of curcumin on fibroblasts in rats with cardiac fibrosis. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12 in each group): the normal control, isoproterenol (ISO), ISO combined with low-dose curcumin (ISO+Cur-L), and ISO combined with high-dose curcumin (ISO+Cur-H) groups. ISO+Cur-L and ISO+Cur-H groups were treated with curcumin (150 or 300 mg•kg-1•day-1) for 28 days. The primary culture of rat cardiac fibroblast was processed by trypsin digestion method in vitro. The 3rd to 5th generation were used for experiment. Western blot method was used to test the expression of collagen type I/III, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was applied to test the proliferation of fibroblast. Curcumin significantly decreased interstitial and perivascular myocardial collagen deposition and cardiac weight index with reducing protein expression of collagen type I/III in hearts (P<0.05). In addition, curcumin directly inhibited angiotensin (Ang) II-induced fibroblast proliferation and collagen type I/III expression in cardiac fibroblasts (P<0.05). Curcumin also inhibited fibrosis by inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation, decreased TGF-β1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression (P<0.05) but had no effects on Smad3 in Ang II incubated cardiac fibroblasts. Curcumin reduces cardiac fibrosis in rats and Ang II-induced fibroblast proliferation by inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation, decreasing collagen synthesis and accelerating collagen degradation through reduction of TGF-β1, MMPs/TIMPs. The present findings also provided novel insights into the role of curcumin as an antifibrotic agent for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.  
        Keywords：Curcumin;fibrosis;myofibroblast;transforming growth factor;matrix metalloproteinase   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Tie-ying Dai,Bo Wang,Sheng-yun Lin,Jian-ping Jiang,Li-qiang Wu,Wen-bing Qian
        2017, 23(5): 370-375. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2593-z
        Abstract：To investigate the potential effect of pure total flavonoids from Citrus paradisi Macfad peel (PTFC) on the proliferation of human myeloid leukemia cells Kasumi-1, HL-60 and K562, and the underlying mechanisms. PTFC was extracted from Citrus paradisi Macfad peel and was identified by high performance liquid chromatography. The effect of PTFC on the proliferation and apoptosis of leukemia cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. The effect of PTFC on the expression levels of apoptosis-related regulators was determined by Western blot assay. Treatment with PTFC inhibited leukemia cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner and triggered Kasumi-1 cell apoptosis. Treatment with PTFC significantly increased the levels of activated poly adenosine diphosphate-ribosepolymerase and caspase-3/-9, but reduced the levels of Mcl-1 expression in Kasumi-1 cells. However, PTFC did not obviously induce HL-60 cell apoptosis. PTFC inhibited leukemia cell proliferation and induced their apoptosis by modulating apoptosisrelated regulator expression in leukemia cells in vitro.  
        Keywords：total flavonoids from Citrus paradisi Macfad;human myeloid leukemia cells;growth inhibition;apoptosis;Chinese Medicine   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Yu-qi Liu,Yue-xi Wang,Nan-nan Shi,Xue-jie Han,Ai-ping Lu
        2017, 23(5): 376-380. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2439-0
        Abstract：To review the current situation and progress of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) international standards, standard projects and proposals in International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/ technical committee (TC) 249. ISO/TC 249 standards and standard projects on the ISO website were searched and new standard proposals information were collected from ISO/TC 249 National Mirror Committee in China. Then all the available data were summarized in 5 closely related items, including proposed time, proposed country, assigned working group (WG), current stage and classifification. In ISO/TC 249, there were 2 international standards, 18 standard projects and 24 new standard proposals proposed in 2014. These 44 standard subjects increased year by year since 2011. Twenty-nine of them were proposed by China, 15 were assigned to WG 4, 36 were in preliminary and preparatory stage and 8 were categorized into 4 fifields, 7 groups and sub-groups based on International Classifification Standards. A rapid and steady development of international standardization in TCM can be observed in ISO/TC 249.  
        Keywords：International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee 249;international standards;Traditional Chinese Medicine   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Sha Yao,Dang Wei,Yao-long Chen,Qi Wang,Xiao-qin Wang,Zhao Zeng,Hui Li
        2017, 23(5): 381-385. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2739-z
        Abstract：To assess the quality of integrative medicine clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) published before 2014. A systematic search of the scientific literature published before 2014 was conducted to select integrative medicine CPGs. Four major Chinese integrated databases and one guideline database were searched: the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Data, and the China Guideline Clearinghouse (CGC). Four reviewers independently assessed the quality of the included guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II Instrument. Overall consensus among the reviewers was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). A total of 41 guidelines published from 2003 to 2014 were included. The overall consensus among the reviewers was good [ICC: 0.928; 95% confifi dence interval (CI): 0.920 to 0.935]. The scores on the 6 AGREE domains were: 17% for scope and purpose (range: 6% to 32%), 11% for stakeholder involvement (range: 0 to 24%), 10% for rigor of development (range: 3% to 22%), 39% for clarity and presentation (range: 25% to 64%), 11% for applicability (range: 4% to 24%), and 1% for editorial independence (range: 0 to 15%). The quality of integrative medicine CPGs was low, the development of integrative medicine CPGs should be guided by systematic methodology. More emphasis should be placed on multi-disciplinary guideline development groups, quality of evidence, management of funding and conflfl icts of interest, and guideline updates in the process of developing integrative medicine CPGs in China.  
        Keywords：clinical practice guideline;Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II;quality assessment   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Chen-xia Sheng,Ze-qi Chen,Han-jin Cui,A-li Yang,Cong Wang,Zhe Wang,Nan-xiang Su,Tao Tang
        2017, 23(5): 386-395. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2287-y
        Abstract：To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Guipi Decoction (归脾汤, GPD) as an adjunctive in the treatment of depression. A review of all relevant studies retrieved from a search of the following databases were conducted without any language restriction: Excerpt Medica Database (EMBASE), PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Information, Wanfang Data, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Papers published until February 2013 were taken into consideration. The analysis was performed using the Cochrane software Revman 5.1. Nine randomized controlled trials involving 620 patients with depression were included in this review. The meta-analysis revealed that compared with antidepressant therapy alone, treatment with a combination of GPD and an antidepressant drug signifificantly improved the symptoms of depression [weighted mean difference (WMD):–3.09; 95% confifidence interval (CI):–4.11 to–2.07] and increased the rates of effectiveness (OR: 4.75; 95% CI: 2.66–8.51) as well as recovery (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.17–2.56). The adverse effects of GPD were not found to be signifificant in these studies. The fifindings of this meta-analysis were in keeping with the notion that GPD formulations were effective in the treatment of depression without causing any serious adverse effects. However, currently available evidence was of low quality and therefore inadequate to justify a strong recommendation of using GPD formulations in the management of depression.  
        Keywords：Guipi Decoction;depression;meta-analysis;Chinese medicine formula   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Li Zhang,Yuan-mei Qin,Lian-xue Zheng,Min Zhang,Hui-jun Guo,Li-ran Xu,Li Qiang,Dan-ni Wang,Xiu-min Chen
        2017, 23(5): 396-400. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2149-7
        Abstract：Moxibustion is an ancient therapeutic technique used in Chinese medicine. Governor Vessel moxibustion (GVM) was developed from long snake moxibustion, a popular technique used in China’s Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, and is significantly more effective than general moxibustion. We aimed to review GVM, including its theoretical basis, choices of moxibustion points and materials, operation procedures, clinical applications, and contraindications. This information could increase the appropriate use of GVM and support further in-depth research.  
        Keywords：Governor Vessel moxibustion;Chinese Medicine;moxibustion   
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        Published：2021-08-27
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