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      2018 Year 24 Vol. 1 Issue

        OriginalPaper

      • Svante Norgren,Xue-zhong Gong
        2018, 24(1): 3-5. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2905-y
          
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Xue-zhong Gong
        2018, 24(1): 6-9. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2906-x
          
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      • Qin Dai,Pei-qing Zhang,Xiao-qin Wang,Li-fang Nie,Xiao-jun Fu,Wen Peng,Yi Wang,Jun Li,Yue-ping Bi,Xiu-hua Mi,Min Yuan,Li-qun He
        2018, 24(1): 10-15. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2908-8
        Abstract：To explore the therapeutic effect of Yishen Qufeng Shengshi Recipe (益肾祛风胜湿方, YQSR) in patients with glomerular proteinuria A total of 145 patients with glomerular proteinuria were selected and randomly assigned to the treatment group (108 cases) and the control group (37 cases) according to a random number table in a ratio of 3:1. All patients received conventional and symptomatic treatment. In addition, patients in the treatment and control groups were given YQSR (200 mL, twice per day, orally) and losartan (50 mg/d orally), respectively for 6 months. The 24-h urine protein quantity, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine in the two groups were measured at multiple time points before and after treatment. At the end of the study, 5 cases were lost to follow-up in the treatment group and 1 in the control group. Finally, the statistical data included 103 cases in the treatment group and 36 cases in the control group. The total effectiveness after 2, 4, and 6 months was 81.6% (84/103), 87.4% (90/103), and 92.2% (95/103), respectively, in the treatment group and 47.2% (17/36), 55.6% (20/36), and 61.1% (22/36), respectively, in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01 at all observation points). In the treatment group, the curative effect after 6 months was better than that after 2 months (P<0.05). The 24-h urine protein quantity was significantly lower in the treatment group at 3, 4, 5, and 6 months than that in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01, respectively) YQSR could significantly reduce the amount of glomerular proteinuria in the early stage.  
        Keywords：Chinese Medicine;Yishen Qufeng Shengshi Recipe;Losartan;glomerular proteinuria   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Bum Ju Lee,Jae Chul Lee,Jiho Nam,Jong Yeol Kim
        2018, 24(1): 16-23. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2641-8
        Abstract：To examine the association of body shape with cold and heat patterns, to determine which anthropometric measure is the best indicator for discriminating between the two patterns, and to investigate whether using a combination of measures can improve the predictive power to diagnose these patterns. Based on a total of 4,859 subjects (3,000 women and 1,859 men), statistical analyses using binary logistic regression were performed to assess the significance of the difference and the predictive power of each anthropometric measure, and binary logistic regression and Naive Bayes with the variable selection technique were used to assess the improvement in the predictive power of the patterns using the combined measures. In women, the strongest indicators for determining the cold and heat patterns among anthropometric measures were body mass index (BMI) and rib circumference; in men, the best indicator was BMI. In experiments using a combination of measures, the values of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in women were 0.776 by Naive Bayes and 0.772 by logistic regression, and the values in men were 0.788 by Naive Bayes and 0.779 by logistic regression. Individuals with a higher BMI have a tendency toward a heat pattern in both women and men. The use of a combination of anthropometric measures can slightly improve the diagnostic accuracy. Our findings can provide fundamental information for the diagnosis of cold and heat patterns based on body shape for personalized medicine.  
        Keywords：cold and heat patterns;personalized medicine;cold syndrome;predictive power;machine learning;data mining   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Wan-tai Dang,Wen-guang Xie,Jing-guo Zhou
        2018, 24(1): 24-31. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2826-9
        Abstract：To study the expression level and role of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (PYCARD) gene transcript variant mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of primary gout (PG) patients with different Chinese medicine (CM) syndromes. The expressions of PYCARD gene transcript variant mRNA and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA in PBMCs were investigated in 96 PG patients with acute phase (APPG, 44 cases) and non-acute phase (NAPPG, 52 cases) and 30 healthy controls (HCs) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or realtime quantitative PCR. PYCARD and nuclear factor-κB (p50) [NF-κB (p50)] protein was detected by Western blot in PBMCs respectively. IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-10 protein levels in plasma of HCs and PG patients were measured by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. The main CM syndromes in APPG patients were obstruction of dampness and heat syndrome (ODHS, 36.36%) and intermingled phlegm-blood stasis syndrome (IPBSS, 27.27%), while in NAPPG patients were Pi (Spleen)-deficiency induced dampness syndrome (PDIDS, 40.38%) and qi-blood deficiency syndrome (QBDS, 26.92%). It showed statistical significances of the expressions of PYCARD gene and its transcript variant mRNA, the protein of PYCARD and NF-κB (p50) and the plasma IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-10 in APPG, NAPPG, ODHS, IPBSS, PDIDS and QBDS groups, compared with the HC group respectively (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were also significant differences of mRNA expressions of PYCARD-1 and PYCARD-2 as well as protein expressions of IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-10 among the 4 CM syndromes groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed positive correlation between the mRNA expressions of PYCARD-1 gene transcript variant and IL-1β in APPG patients (r=0.3088, P=0.0183). PYCARD gene and its transcript variant may play a critical and regulative role in the inflflammatory response of PG patients with different phases and CM syndromes.  
        Keywords：Chinese medicine syndrome;primary gout;PYCARD;gene;transcript variant   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Ming Jin,Lin Wang,Yan Wu,Bao-xia Zang,Li Tan
        2018, 24(1): 32-39. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2094-z
        Abstract：To observe the effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), an active ingredient of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine Carthamus tinctorius L., on lung inflflammation and pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM) in rats. Animals were divided into 6 groups including normal group, model group, three HSYA groups and dexamethasone (DXM) group. Three doses of HSYA (35.6, 53.3, and 80.0 mg•kg–1•day–1) were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected in rats for 3 weeks after BLM administration and DXM was used as the positive control (n=8 or 12). Arterial blood gas was assayed and morphological changes were observed. Lung mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and some cytokines in lung tissue were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nuclear factor-κB p65 or α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein distribution in rat lung tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry. On the 7th day after BLM administration, lung tissue showed serious inflammation. Treatment with HSYA or DXM ameliorated lung inflammation. After treatment with HSYA or DXM, oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) increased (HSYA 80.0 mg•kg–1, P<0.01) and CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) decreased (HSYA 53.3, 80.0 mg•kg–1, P<0.05). Moreover, the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6; and the number of NF-κB p65 positive cells was lower in HSYA 53.3 and 80.0 mg•kg–1 groups than those in the model group (all P<0.05). Twenty-one days after BLM administration, HSYA or DXM treatment ameliorated fibrosis, increased PaO2 (HSYA 53.3, 80.0 mg•kg–1, P<0.01), and decreased PaCO2 (53.3 and 80.0 mg•kg–1, P<0.05). Further, the mRNA expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, and collagen I as well as the number of α-SMA positive cells increased in the model group and HSYA can attenuate these changes (53.3, 80.0 mg•kg–1, P<0.05). Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining indicated that the fibrosis and collagen deposition were ameliorated in HSYA groups (53.3, 80.0 mg•kg–1, P<0.05). HSYA could alleviate acute lung inflflammation and chronic pulmonary fibrosis induced by BLM in rats.  
        Keywords：hydroxysafflor yellow A;Pulmonary Fibrosis;pulmonary inflammation;nuclear factor-κB p65;α-smooth muscle actin;Chinese Medicine   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Miao Li,Ping Li,Mei Zhang,Feng Ma
        2018, 24(1): 40-46. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2805-1
        Abstract：To examine the effect of brucine on the migration, invasion, adhesion and expressions of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the highly metastatic breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and Hs578-T. MDA-MB-231 and Hs578-T cells were divided to 4 groups: the control group (0.1% DMSO), and 25, 50 and 100 μmol/L brucine groups. The cell viability was determined using a CellTiter-Glo® luminescent cell viability. The scratch wound healing assay and tanswell migration assay were used to determine the migration ability of these cells treated by different concentrations of brucine. The proliferation rate, invasive potential and adhesive ability were respectively performed by colony formation assay, transwell invasion assay and adhension assay. The protein and mRNA expressions of EMT biomarkers, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were investigated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Compared with the control group, brucine had little effect on cell viability or proliferation (P>0.05), but led to a dose-dependent decrease on migration, invasion, adhension of MDA-MB-231 and Hs578-T cells (P<0.01). Furthermore, brucine increased the protein and mRNA levels of EMT markers such as E-cadherin and β-catenin in MDA-MB-231 and Hs578-T cells, and decreased the protein and mRNA levels of mesenychmal markers such as vimentin and fibronectin, as well as the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (all P<0.01). Brucine inhibited triple negative breast cancer cells metastasis potentially through EMT reversion and MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibition.  
        Keywords：Brucine;Breast Cancer;metastasis;epithelial mesenchymal transition;matrix metalloproteinase   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Ya-qi Zhang,Hao Yang,Wei-dong Sun,Juan Wang,Bao-yuan Zhang,Yan-jun Shen,Min-qiang Yin,Yun-xing Liu,Chang Liu,Yun Sun
        2018, 24(1): 47-55. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2544-8
        Abstract：To evaluate anti-melanoma effect of ethanol extract of Ilex hainanensis Merr. (IME) and elucidate its underlying mechanism. Thirty-six tumor-bearing mice were randomized into 6 groups (n=6) as follows: model group, IME 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg groups and dacarbazine (DTIC) 70 mg/kg group. The mice in the IME treatment groups were intragastrically administered with IME 25, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg per day, respectively. The mice in the DTIC group were intraperitoneally injected with DTIC 70 mg/kg every 2 days. The drug administration was lasting for 14 days. The cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dime-thylthylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry was employed to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. The gene and protein expressions of nuclear factor κB-p65 (NF-κB-p65), Bcl-2, B-cell lymphomaextra large (Bcl-xL) and Bax were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Caspases-3, -8, and -9 activities were detected using the colorimetric method. In addition, a B16-F10 melanoma xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of IME in vivo. Furthermore, a survival experiment of tumor-bearing mice was also performed to evaluate the possible toxicity of IME. IME significantly inhibited the proliferation of B16-F10 cells (P<0.01). Flow cytometric analysis showed that IME induced G1/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (both P<0.01). IME inhibited activation of NF-κB, decreased the gene and protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and increased the gene and protein expressions of Bax (all P<0.01). In addition, IME induced the activation of Caspases-3, -8, and -9 in B16-F10 cells. The study in vivo showed that IME significantly reduced tumor volume (P<0.01), and the inhibitory rate came up to 68.62%. IME also induced large areas of necrosis and intra-tumoral apoptosis that correlated with a reduction in tumor volume. Survival experiment showed that treatment with IME for 14 days significantly prolonged survival time and 20% of mice in the IME 200 mg/kg group were still alive until the 50th day. Notably, IME showed no apparent side-effects during the treatment period. IME exhibited significant anti-melanoma activity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that IME might be a promising effective candidate with lower toxic for malignant melanoma therapy.  
        Keywords：Ilex hainanensis Merr.;anti-melanoma activity;G1/S arrest;apoptosis;Survival Time;caspase;Chinese Medicine   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Guang-hui An,Xiao-ting Tang,Yao-long Chen,Yi Zhao
        2018, 24(1): 56-63. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2902-1
        Abstract：To investigate the reporting characteristics of case reports of acupuncture therapy with CAse Report (CARE) guidelines, and to explore the applicability of the guidelines for these case reports. Case reports published from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013, were identified by searching PubMed and the China Biomedicine Database by using MeSH terms. Screening and data extraction of case reports were conducted by two independent researchers. Assessments based on CARE guidelines and data analysis were conducted by using Excel 2003 and RevMan 5.0. A total of 61 case reports published in 19 journals were identified, which involved 16 major types of diseases. Fifteen (24.6%) case reports declared no conflict of interests, and 5 (8.2%) reported funding sources. None of these case reports met all items of CARE guidelines, and only 6 subordinate items were fully reported among 50% of the case reports. Subgroup analysis indicated that case reports published in English or those that did not have competing interests had higher reporting quality. The reporting quality of case reports of acupuncture therapy is rather low. The reason might be a lack of awareness among authors and the poor dissemination of information regarding CARE guidelines in China. More evaluation studies are needed to promote and improve adherence to CARE guidelines. Moreover, an extended version of CARE guidelines should be developed for cases reports of special interventions such as acupuncture or adverse events caused by interventions.  
        Keywords：case reports;acupuncture therapy;reporting guideline;CARE (CAse REports) guidelines   
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        ReviewPaper

      • Youngchul Jung,Byungju Kim,Mi Heon Ryu,Hyungwoo Kim
        2018, 24(1): 64-71. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2535-9
        Abstract：Contact dermatitis (CD) is one of the most common skin diseases in industrialized countries. Chinese medicines (CMs) have been investigated worldwide as complementary and alternative medicines for corticosteroids, which are the first choice for treatment of inflflammatory skin diseases owing to their favorable efficacy. This article describes the CMs that have been reported to have anti-dermatitis effects against CD in the last 20 years.  
        Keywords：contact dermatitis;herbal;Chinese Medicine   
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        Published：2021-08-27
      • Shu-ling Wang,Zhen-kun Zhao,Jian-feng Sun,Yun-ting Sun,Xiao-qing Pang,Zhao-wu Zeng,Tian Xie
        2018, 24(1): 72-79. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2901-2
        Abstract：The chemical compositions of Anemone raddeana Rhizome, a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, were reviewed, along with its bioactivity and pharmacological properties and method improvements of extracting and detecting triterpenoid saponins. A. raddeana Rhizome is used to treat neuralgia and rheumatism, and is rich in triterpenoid saponins, most of which are pentacyclic, with oleanane as the nucleus. So far, 37 triterpenoid saponins have been determined from the herb. Its reported bioactivity and pharmacological properties have been described as anticancerous, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, anticonvulsive, antihistaminic, and sedative. It has also been used for the induction of the humoral immune response and treatment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis. However, the herb also has hemolytic effects and can be toxic, which limits its clinical application. Further studies are needed on the pharmaceutical functions, mechanisms, and immunological responses to contribute to the herb's clinical applications.  
        Keywords：Anemone raddeana Rhizome;phytochemical constituent;pharmacological effect;anticancerous;antimicrobial;anti-inflammatory;analgesic;Chinese Medicine   
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