Abstract:Objective: To study the effect and mechanism of Shuanghua aerosol (SHA) in treating infantile upper respiratory tract infection.Methods: In the clinical study, 276 patients were randomly divided into two groups. The treated group was treated with SHA and the control group was treated with Shuanghuanglian aerosol (SHLA,
). In the experimental study, the effects of SHA on anti-inflammation and antivirus were observed.Results: The clinical total effective rate of SHA was 99.03% and its cure rate 65.38%, while those of the SHLA were 94.11% and 44.12% respectively, significant difference was shown between the two groups (P<0.01). Experimental study showed that SHA could inhibit the xylol induced ear swelling and the egg white induced paw swelling in mice obviously, and inhibit the proliferation of influenza virus in rat’s lung.Conclusion: SHA has obvious anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effect, and has good curative effect in treating infantile upper respiratory tract infection.  
Abstract:Objective: To observe the clinical effect of guava leaf (GL) in treating infantile rotaviral enteritis.Methods: Sixty-two patients of rotaviral enteritis were randomly divided into the treated group treated with GL and the control group treated with Gegen Qinlian Decoction. The time for ceasing diarrhea, content of Na+ in blood, content of Na+ and glucose in stool, and the rate of negative conversion of human rotavirus antigen (HRVA) were observed.Results: The 3-day recovery rate in the treated group (87.1 %) was significantly higher than that in the control group (58.1%,P<0.05). The time of ceasing diarrhea in the treated group (25.1 ± 9.5 hrs) was significantly shorter than that in the control group (38. 7 ± 15. 2 hrs,P<0. 01). Moreover, content of Na+ and glucose in stool were reduced obviously in the treated group but not in the control group; and negative conversion rate of HRVA in the former group also got better than that in the latter group (87.1 % vs 58.1%, P<0.05). Consequently, the effect of GL was superior to that of the control significantly.Conclusion: GL has good curative effect on infantile rotaviral enteritis.  
Abstract:Objective: To study the effect of tetrandrine on morphine induced hyperactivity and reinforcement in mice.Methods: After single administration of morphine and the motion activity was measured by ambulometer, conditioned place-preference paradigm was used to study the reinforcing effect of morphine, climbing behavior was used to evaluate the relation with Dopaminergic system and immediate early expression of c-fos gene in brain was shown by immunohistochemical method.Results: Single administration of morphine could induce hyperactivity, repeated treatment would produce a conditioned place-preference response, tetrandrine 30 or 60 mg/kg hypodermic injection could inhibit the morphine induced hyperactivity, 60 mg/kg could inhibit the conditioned place-preference response but no influence on climbing behavior in mice was found. Tetrandrine could inhibit the c-fos gene expression in nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental and prefrontal cortex in place-preference model formed by morphine.Conclusion: Tetrandrine could inhibit the hyperactivity and conditioned place-preference response induced by morphine, it might relate to reduce the c-fos gene expression in special area of brain in mice.  
Abstract:Objective: To find out the effective treatment for infantile autumn diarrhea (IAD).Methods: Retention enema with Qilian Liquid(QLL) was applied to 106 patients of IAD with positive antigen of rotavirus in stool, and the result in the treated group was compared with that in the control group(82 patients) in aspects of clinical effect, negative conversion rate of rotavirus in stool and change of serum immunoglobulin. Animal experimental study was also conducted.Results: The disappearance time of principal symptoms, negative conversion rate of rotavirus in stool and serum levels of IgA and IgG in the treated group were significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.01,P< 0.05). Experimental study showed that QLL not only has the antiviral effects to stop diarrhea, but also has effects in enhancing immune function and protecting intestinal mucous membrane.Conclusion:Retention enema with QLL is an effective therapy for the treatment of IAD.  
Abstract:Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Modified Taohong Siwu Decoction (MTSD) in treating pediatric intractable nephropathy (PIN).Methods: Ninety-five patients with PIN were divided into 2 groups at random. The 60 patients in the treated group were treated with MTSD and the 35 patients in the control group were treated with heparin. The clinical therapeutic effect and levels of thromboxane B2(TXB2) and 6-keto-prostacyclin Fla(6-keto-PGFla) before and after treatment were observed. Results: The total effective rate in the treated group was 81.7%, which was similar to that in the control group (80.0%,P > 0.05). The levels of TXB2 and TXB2/6-keto-PGFla ratio were higher in both groups of the patients as compared with those of the healthy control (P<0.01). After treatment, the two criteria were significantly improved in the two treated groups, as compared with those before treatment, the difference was significant (P<0.01), while in comparison between the MTSD treated group and the control group, no significant difference was found (P >0. 05).Conclusion: MTSD has good effect in treating PIN, it could improve the metabolic unbalance of thromboxane and prostacyclin.  
Abstract:Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and mechanism of Kangyanling (KYL) in treating patients with systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome ( SIRS/MODS) after abdominal surgery.Methods: Eighty-two patients of SIRS/MODS after abdominal surgery were divided into two groups according to admission time, the KYL treated group (n = 35) and the control group (n = 47). The levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma tumor necrosis factor a (TNFα ) and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) were measured at the 1st, 3rd and 7th days post-operationally.Results: The levels of CRP, TNFa and IL-6 decreased gradually after surgical operation in both groups, but the reducing velocity was shorter in the KYL group than that in the control group, so the comparison of the levels in the two groups showed significant difference on the 3rd day after operation.Conclusion: KYL could inhibit the release of inflammatory mediator and relieve the inflammatory response so as to treat post-operational SIRS/MODS effectively.  
Abstract:Objective: To explore the curative effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicinal (TCM-WM) therapy on incipient diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods: One hundred patients with incipient DN were randomly divided into two groups, the treated group (50 cases) was treated with TCM-WM therapy, which was carried out by using Jiangtang Jianshenling (JTJSL) capsule, a Chinese preparation for supplementing Qi and nourishing Yin, on the basis of effectively controlling blood glucose with western medicine. The 50 patients in the control group were treated with western medicine alone. The course of treatment was three months. Changes of symptoms, signs and related laboratory parameters were observed before and after treatment.Results: The total effective rate in the treated group was 90% while that in the control group 58%, the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05). The related parameters including 24 hrs urinary albumin excretion, blood sugar, microalbuminuria, blood and urine (/gb-microglobulin, blood lipids and hemorrheologic parameters were all improved after treatment in the treated group (P <0. 05 orP <0. 01).Conclusion: The curative effect of TCM-WM was better than that of western medicine alone in treating incipient DN.  
Keywords:incipient diabetic nephropathy;Jiangtang Jianshenling capsule;urinary albumin excretion;blood β2-microglobulin;urine β2-microglobulin;blood lipid;hemorrheology
Abstract:Objective: To verify the effect of Jinmaitong composita (JMTC) on red blood cell aldose reductase activity (RBC-AR), red blood cell sorbitol (RBC-S) and nerve conductive velocity in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DN) patients. Methods: Sixty-six patients with DN were randomly divided into two groups, 33 patients in the treated group treated with JMTC and 33 patients in the control group treated with Jingui Shenqi capsule (JGSQ). RBC-AR, RBC-S and nerve transmission speed were observed before and after three months treatment.Results: Level of RBC-AR, RBC-S apparently decreased and nerve conductive velocity increased (P <0.05,P<0.01) after JMTC treatment.Conclusion: JMTC can improve the nerve conductive velocity significantly with a lowering of RBC-AR and RBC-S and has a good result in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy.  
Abstract:Objective:To find the relationship between insulin-resistance and Syndrome Differentiation type (SDT) in hypertensive patients.Methods: Two hundred and nine patients of early stage hypertention with no complications of heart, brain or kidney were selected and classified into 4 types according to SDT, the Liver-Fire exuberant type (A), the Phlegm-Dampness abundant type (B), the Yin-Deficiency and Yang-Excess type (C) and the Deficiency of both Yin and Yang type (D). Their insulin sensitivity was examined and compared with that of 40 healthy subjects.Results: (1) Compared with the healthy subjects, all hypertensive patients had apparent insulin resistance (P<0.05). If the insulin sensitivity of healthy subjects was defined as 1.00, that of patients of type A, B, C and D were 0.54, 0.58, 0.65 and 0.80 respectively. (2 ) The insulin sensitivity of patients in the 4 SDT groups were compared and no significant difference was found in comparison between group A, B and C, while significant difference was found when the other three groups were compared with group D (P<0.05), the insulin sensitivity of type D was close to that of the healthy subjects. (3) The fasting blood insulin of type D was obviously lower and the insulin sensitivity of type D was obviously higher than that of the other three types as a whole (P=0.0001). (4) Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that insulin sensitivity was closely correlated with SDT (P=0.0001).Conclusion: Insulin resistance is one of the pathological basis for SDT in hypertension.  
Keywords:hypertension;Traditional Chinese Medicine;Syndrome Differentiation typing;insulin resistance;Insulin Sensitivity
Abstract:Objective: To observe the effect of Qingkailing (QKL) on brain damage induced by glutamate, in order to seek for effective drugs for antagonizing neurotoxicity of glutamate.Methods:The number and morphological metrology of neurocytes in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were detected by MIAS-300 image analyser, electron microscope and immunohistochemical methods.Results: QKL could alleviate the glutamate induced accumulation of water and sodium in brain tissue, relieve the metrological and structural damage of cerebral cells in cortex and hippocampus, reduce the percentage of c-fos positive cell in brain.Conclusion: QKL could protect brain damage induced by glutamate, which might be related to the inhibition of QKL on the enhancement of cfos gene expression induced by glutamate.  
Abstract:Objective: To investigate the immune regulation of flavonoid of Astragalus membranaceus’s stem and leaf(FAM-sl).Methods: Changes of total T cell count and subsets in mice were determined by monoantibody assay before and after treatment with FAM-sl, and the lymphokine activated killer cell (LAK) activity was tested simultaneously by isotope label method.Results: FAM-sl could promote the proliferation of lymphocytes induced by ConA, raise the total T cell count and regulate the T cell subsets disturbance, and elevate the LAK activity induced by recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2).Conclusion: FAM-sl possesses effects of immune stimulation and immune regulation in treating immunosuppressive mice. This study provides experimental evidence for clinical application of FAM-sl.  
Keywords:flavonoid in Astragalus membranaceus’s stem and leaf;T lymphocyte;lymphokine activated killer cell;immune regulation
Abstract:Objective: To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (TCM-WM) on infectious multiple organs dysfunction syndrome /multiple system and organ failure (MODS/MSOF) for elevating the successful rate of rescuing the patients.Methods: Diagnosis with western medicine and Syndrome Differentiation of TCM in 225 in-patients of acute infectious disease complicated with MODS/MSOF were conducted, and TCM treatment, based on western medical comprehensive treatment, was given to observe the effect and explore the mechanism of the TCM-WM therapy.Results: Up to the end of 1998, 161 cases of the 225 cases were successfully cured and 64 died, the mortality being 28.4% . Among them, 58 out of 140 cases of MSOF died, the mortality was accounted for 41.4%. In 106 cases conformed to the diagnostic criteria of MSOF proposed by Professor Knaus WA, USA, 52 cases were cured successfully and 54 died, the mortality being 50.94%.Conclusion: TCM-WM treatment could elevate the therapeutic effect in treating MODS, the mechanism might be through improving the hemodynamic and hemorrheologic condition of patients to relieve nail-fold microcirculation disorder; influencing the levels of cytokine and inflammatory mediator, so as to alleviate the systemic inflammatory reaction, it might also abate the inhibited condition of gastrointestinal motility, alleviate the intestinal flora imbalance, prevent intestinal bacteria and endotoxin malposition, and protect cells from peroxidation.  
Abstract:Objective: To observe the regulating effect of Chinese herbal medicine on peritoneal lymphatic stomata and its significance in treating ascites in liver fibrosis model mice.Methods: Two Chinese herbal compound prescriptions were used separately to treat the carbon tetrachloride induced mouse model of liver fibrosis, the histo-pathologic changes in mice were observed by using scanning electron microscope and processed by computer image processing. The changes of urinary volume and sodium ion concentration were measured, too.Results: In the treated group, the histo-pathologic changes were significantly less than those in the control group, the peritoneal lymphatic stomata enlarged with increased number of opening and higher density in distribution and the urinary volume and sodium ion excretion increased after treatment.Conclusion: Chinese herbal medicine has marked effect in alleviating liver fibrosis, regulating peritoneal lymphatic stomata, improving the drainage of ascites from peritoneal cavity, causing increase of urinary volume and sodium ion excretion to reduce water and sodium retention, and thus have favorable therapeutic effect in treating ascites.